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Besonderheiten und Fallstricke bei der Diagnostik von Altersepilepsie

Special aspects and pitfalls in the diagnostics of epilepsy in the elderly

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Zusammenfassung

Der Anteil von älteren Menschen in Deutschland und die Inzidenz von Altersepilepsie werden in den nächsten Jahren weiterzunehmen. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass Epilepsie bei Senioren immer noch zu selten diagnostiziert wird, weil Anfälle übersehen oder fehlgedeutet werden. Dies liegt sicher auch an der im Vergleich zu jüngeren Patienten oft untypischen Anfallssemiologie. Bei älteren Menschen treten häufiger Anfälle mit Bewusstseintrübungen und Verwirrtheit ohne motorische Symptome auf. Die postiktualen Dämmerzustände oder auch Todd-Paresen dauern länger an als bei jüngeren Patienten und werden u. U. mit Demenz oder Schlaganfällen verwechselt. Aufgrund der guten Behandelbarkeit von Altersepilepsie ist die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung aber von großer Bedeutung, weil dadurch weitere Hospitalisierungen und Folgeschäden beispielsweise aufgrund von Frakturen oder anderen Verletzungen vermieden werden können. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Diagnostik und die Differenzialdiagnosen bei älteren Menschen mit Epilepsie.

Abstract

The percentage of elderly people in Germany and therefore of patients with late onset epilepsy will further increase within the next years. Epilepsy in elderly patients is still overlooked because the typical seizure semiology is different from younger patients. Seizures in elderly patients occur with signs of confusion and less often with motor signs, such as oral automatism or convulsions. Postictal confusion and also Todd’s paresis normally last longer in elderly patients; therefore, these signs may be misinterpreted as dementia or stroke. However, due to the good efficacy of antiepileptic drug therapy in elderly patients an early diagnosis may prevent further hospitalization and injuries, such as bone fractures. This article gives a summary of the diagnostics and the differential diagnoses in elderly people with epilepsy.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. F. Kerling gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Der Beitrag enthält keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Kerling, F. Besonderheiten und Fallstricke bei der Diagnostik von Altersepilepsie. Z. Epileptol. 27, 253–256 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-014-0383-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-014-0383-1

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