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„Premature ovarian insufficiency/failure syndrome“ (POI/POF)

Premature ovarian insufficiency/failure syndrome (POI/POF)

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Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Mehrheit aller Frauen durchläuft die Menopause im Alter von 50−52 Jahren. Etwa 1 % ist jedoch von einer vorzeitigen Ovarialinsuffizienz („premature ovarian insufficiency“/“premature ovarian failure“, POI/POF) bereits vor dem 40. Lebensjahr betroffen. Die Betroffenen leiden unter Östrogenmangelsymptomen analog zu älteren Frauen im Klimakterium. Auch die mit einem POI-Syndrom verbundene Fertilitätseinschränkung ist für viele Frauen von Bedeutung. Die Ursachen dieser ovariellen Erschöpfung sind multifaktoriell und umfassen unter anderem autoimmune, iatrogene, genetische, infektiöse und idiopathische Gründe. Bei Verdacht auf ein POI-Syndrom bedarf es einer systematischen Diagnostik und umfassenden Beratung. Dabei ist zum einen die Assoziation mit verschiedenen autoimmunen Erkrankungen relevant, in deren Zusammenhang auf einen M. Addison getestet werden sollte. Bei den genetische Ursachen gibt es Chromosomenstörungen, die mittels Karyogramm abgeklärt werden und genetische Störungen, insbesondere eine Prämutation im FMR1(Fragile X Mental Retardation 1)-Gen. Die Spontankonzeptionswahrscheinlichkeit von knapp 5 % ist eine wichtige Information für alle Betroffenen, auch um eine notwendige Hormontherapie (HT) darauf abzustimmen. Eine HT ist von symptomatischem, wahrscheinlich auch von osteo- und kardioprotektivem Nutzen und sollte bis zum Alter der üblichen Menopause fortgeführt werden. Auch iatrogen, etwa durch Chemo- oder Strahlentherapie kann ein POI verursacht werden. Vor adjuvanter Therapie maligner Erkrankungen sollte daher über Optionen zur Fertilitätsprotektion beraten werden.

Abstract

The average age of women at menopause is 50-52 years. Approximately 1 % of women are affected by an earlier onset of ovarian insufficiency before the age of 40 years which is known as premature ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure syndrome (POI/POF). Affected women suffer from estrogen deficiency syndromes identical to the symptoms of older menopausal women. There are multifactorial causes of POI/POF including various autoimmune, iatrogenic, genetic, infectious and idiopathic reasons. In cases of suspected POI/POF syndrome a systematic diagnostic procedure and counseling are required. Association with various autoimmune diseases is relevant and testing for Addison’s disease is required. A karyogram is useful to detect gonadal dysgenesis. For genetic reasons testing for a premutation of the FMR1- (fragile X mental retardation 1) gene is recommended. The probability of spontaneous conception of approximately 5 % is also important to make adjustments to the hormone therapy (HT). Such a HT is useful to improve symptoms of estrogen deficiency and is probably also osteoprotective and cardioprotective. An HT should be continued until the normal age of menopause. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are iatrogenic reasons for POI/POF; therefore, women should be counseled about fertility preservation methods before starting adjuvant therapy for malignant diseases.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. J. Rehnitz, T. Strowitzki und P. Vogt geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Rehnitz, J., Strowitzki, T. & Vogt, P. „Premature ovarian insufficiency/failure syndrome“ (POI/POF). Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 12, 167–176 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-013-0617-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-013-0617-8

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