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Étude phytochimique et évaluation de l’activité antioxydante des extraits d’Echinops spinosus

Phytochemical study and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts of Echinops spinosus

  • Pharmacognosie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Cette étude porte sur l’évaluation de l’activité antioxydante des flavonoïdes et des tanins extraits de la partie aérienne (feuilles et tiges) et des racines de la plante Echinops spinosus par deux solvants, l’actétate d’éthyle et le n-butanol.

L’activité antioxydante des extraits est évaluée par deux techniques, la réduction du fer (Ferric reducing antioxidant power ou FRAP) et le piégeage du radical libre 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).

Les tests phytochimiques révèlent la présence de différentes familles de composés chimiques comme les tanins, les sucres réducteurs, les flavonoïdes, les alcaloïdes et les quinones.

La partie aérienne d’Echinops spinosus renferme 36,1 mg EAG/100 g de matière sèche en phénols totaux et 13,37 mg EC/100 g de matière séche en flavonoïdes. Alors que les racines contiennent seulement 16,1 mg EAG/100 g de matière sèche en phénols totaux et 4,78 mg EC/100 g de matière séche en flavonoïdes.

L’évaluation de l’activité antioxydante montre que l’extrait d’acétate d’éthyle qui renferme les tanins de la partie aérienne de la plante possède une capacité de réduction de fer et de piégeage du radical libre DPPH intéressante. La méthode de FRAP donne une densité optique égale à 2,85, l’IC50 obtenue par la technique du DPPH est de 8,25 μg/mL.

Abstract

This study focuses on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of flavonoids and tannins extracted from the aerial part (leaves and stems) and roots of the plant Echinops spinosus. Two solvents are used, ethyl acetate and n-butanol.

The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by two methods, the reduction of iron (ferric reducing antioxidant power or FRAP) and trapping of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).

Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of different families of chemical compounds such as tannins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, alkaloids and quinones.

The aerial part of Echinops spinosus contains 36.1 mg of total phenols EAG/100 g dry matter and 13.37 mg of flavonoids EC/100g dry matter. While roots contains only 16.1 mg of total phenols EAG/100 g dry matter and 4.78 mg of flavonoids EC/100 g dry matter.

The assessment of the antioxidant activity shows that ethyl acetate containing tannins of the aerial part of the plant extract has a capacity reduction of iron and free radical scavenging DPPH interesting. The FRAP method gives equal to 2.85 optical density, the IC50 obtained by DPPH method is 8.25 µg/mL.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire antibiotiques, antifongiques : physico-chimie, synthèse et activité biologique, Faculté SNV-STU, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen, Algérie

    K. Gheffour

  2. Centre universitaire de Naãma, Naãma, Algérie

    K. Boucherit

  3. Université Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algérie

    Z. Boucherit-Otmani

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  1. K. Gheffour
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  2. K. Boucherit
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  3. Z. Boucherit-Otmani
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Correspondence to K. Gheffour.

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Gheffour, K., Boucherit, K. & Boucherit-Otmani, Z. Étude phytochimique et évaluation de l’activité antioxydante des extraits d’Echinops spinosus . Phytothérapie 13, 288–294 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0917-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0917-8

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