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Phototropin 2 is involved in blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Fragaria x ananassa fruits

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Abstract

Anthocyanins are widespread, essential secondary metabolites in higher plants during color development in certain flowers and fruits. In strawberries, anthocyanins are also key contributors to fruit antioxidant capacity and nutritional value. However, the effects of different light qualities on anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, cv. Sachinoka) fruits remain elusive. In the present study, we showed the most efficient increase in anthocyanin content occurred by blue light irradiation. Light sensing at the molecular level was investigated by isolation of two phototropin (FaPHOT1 and FaPHOT2), two cryptochrome (FaCRY1 and FaCRY2), and two phytochrome (FaPHYA and FaPHYB) homologs. Expression analysis revealed only FaPHOT2 transcripts markedly increased depending on fruit developmental stage, and a corresponding increase in anthocyanin content was detected. FaPHOT2 knockdown resulted in decreased anthocyanin content; however, overexpression increased anthocyanin content. These findings suggested blue light induced anthocyanin accumulation, and FaPHOT2 may play a role in sensing blue light, and mediating anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry fruits. This is the first report to find a relationship between visible light sensing, and color development in strawberry fruits.

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Abbreviations

Cry:

Cryptochrome

Phot:

Phototropin

Phy:

Phytochrome

LOV:

Light, oxygen or voltage

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

CHI:

Chalcone isomerase

F3H:

Flavanone 3-hydroxylase

DFR:

Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase

ANS:

Anthocyanidin synthase

FGT:

Flavonoid glycosyltransferase

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Acknowledgments

We thank Koichi Hayashi for donating strawberry fruit samples. We also thank Toshifumi Miki and Keisuke Hirota (Tokushima Agricultural Research Center, Japan) for invaluable advice and donations of strawberry fruit samples. Ourgenic Co., Ltd. supported this work (Tokushima, Japan). This work was also financially supported by the LED-Life project of the University of Tokushima, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan

    Yasuko Kadomura-Ishikawa & Akira Takahashi

  2. Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minami-Jyosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan

    Katsuyuki Miyawaki & Sumihare Noji

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  1. Yasuko Kadomura-Ishikawa
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  2. Katsuyuki Miyawaki
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  3. Sumihare Noji
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  4. Akira Takahashi
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Correspondence to Akira Takahashi.

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Kadomura-Ishikawa, Y., Miyawaki, K., Noji, S. et al. Phototropin 2 is involved in blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Fragaria x ananassa fruits. J Plant Res 126, 847–857 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-013-0582-2

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