Abstract
We propose a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach to the estimation of the mean and covariance structure of bivariate time series processes of panel data. The one-step approach allows for mixed continuous and discrete dependent variables. A Monte Carlo Study is presented to compare our particular GEE estimator with more standard GEE-estimators. In the empirical illustration, we apply our estimator to the analysis of individual wage dynamics and the incidence of profit-sharing in West Germany. Our findings show that time-invariant unobserved individual ability jointly influences individual wages and participation in profit sharing schemes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abowd, J., Card, D.: On the covariance structure of earnings and hours changes. Econometrica 57, 411–445 (1989)
Amemiya, T.: Advanced Econometrics. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1985)
Biewen, M.: The covariance structure of East and West German incomes and its implications for the persistence of poverty and inequality. Ger. Econ. Rev. 6, 445–469 (2005)
Booth, A., Frank, J.: Earnings, productivity, and performance-related pay. J. Labor Econ. 17, 447–463 (1999)
Cappellari, L.: The dynamics and inequality of Italian men’s earnings: long-term changes or transitory fluctuations? J. Hum. Resour. 39, 475–499 (2004)
Carter, R.A.L., Nagar, A.L.: Coefficients of correlation for simultaneous equation systems. J. Econom. 6, 39–50 (1977)
Fahrmeir, L., Tutz, G.: Multivariate Statistical Modelling Based on Generalized Linear Models, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2001)
Glahn, H.R.: Some relationships derived from canonical correlation theory. Econometrica 37, 252–256 (1969)
Godambe, V.P.: An optimum property of regular maximum likelihood estimation. Ann. Math. Stat. 31, 1208–1212 (1960)
Godambe, V.P.: Comment on “Inference based on estimating functions in the presence of nuisance parameters” by K.-Y. Liang and S.L. Zeger. Stat. Sci. 10, 173–174 (1995)
Hall, R.E., Mishkin, F.S.: The sensitivity of consumption to transitory income: estimates from panel data on households. Econometrica 50, 461–481 (1982)
Hansen, L.P.: Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators. Econometrica 50, 1029–1054 (1982)
Hart, R.A., Hübler, O.: Wage, labour mobility and working time effects of profit sharing. Empirica 17, 115–130 (1990)
Harville, D.A.: Matrix Algebra from a Statistician’s Perspective. Springer, New York (1997)
Heywood, J.S., Jirjahn, U.: Payment schemes and gender in Germany. Ind. Labor Relat. Rev. 56, 44–64 (2002)
Hübler, O.: Productivity, earnings, and profit sharing—an econometric analysis of alternative models. Empir. Econ. 18, 357–380 (1993)
Kraft, K., Ugarkovic, M.: Profit Sharing: Supplement or Substitute? DP Dortmund/Mannheim (2005)
Liang, K.-Y., Zeger, S.L.: Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73, 13–22 (1986)
Liang, K.-Y., Zeger, S.L.: Inference based on estimating functions in the presence of nuisance parameters. Stat. Sci. 10, 158–173 (1995)
Lemieux, T., MacLeod, W.B., Parent, D.: Performance pay and wage inequality. Q. J. Econ. 124, 1–49 (2009)
MaCurdy, T.E.: The use of time series processes to model the error structure of earnings in a longitudinal data analysis. J. Econ. 18, 83–114 (1982)
McCullagh, P.: Quasi-likelihood functions. Ann. Stat. 11, 59–67 (1983)
McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A.: Generalized Linear Models, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London (1989)
Newey, W.K.: Efficient estimation of models with conditional moment restrictions. In: Maddala, G.S., Rao, C.R., Vinod, H.D. (eds.) Handbook of Statistics, vol. 11, pp. 419–454. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1993)
Newey, W.K., McFadden, D.: Large sample estimation and hypothesis testing. In: Engle, R.F., McFadden, D.L. (eds.) Handbook of Econometrics, vol. IV, pp. 2111–2245. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1994)
Pannenberg, M., et al.: Sampling and weighting. In: Haisken-DeNew, J., Frick, J. (eds.) Desktop Companion to the GSOEP, Berlin, pp. 153–191 (2005)
Prentice, R.L.: Correlated binary regression with covariates specific to each binary observation. Biometrics 44, 1033–1048 (1988)
Qu, Y., Williams, G.W., Beck, G.J., Medendorp, S.V.: Latent variable models for clustered dichotomous data with multiple subclusters. Biometrics 48, 1095–1102 (1992)
Qu, Y., Piedmonte, M.R., Williams, G.W.: Small sample validity of latent variable models for correlated binary data. Commun. Stat., Simul. Comput. 23, 243–269 (1994)
Reboussin, B.A., Liang, K.-Y.: An estimating equations approach for the LISCOMP model. Psychometrika 63, 165–182 (1998)
SOEP Group: The German socio-economic panel after more than 15 years—overview. Vierteljahrsh. Wirtschaftsforsch. 70, 7–14 (2001)
Spiess, M.: Analyse von Längsschnittdaten mit fehlenden Werten. Grundlagen, Verfahren und Anwendungen. Habilitationsschrift: Bremen (2005). http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-diss000012631
Spiess, M., Keller, F.: A mixed approach and a distribution free multiple imputation technique for the estimation of a multivariate probit model with missing values. Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol. 52, 1–17 (1999)
Spiess, M., Tutz, G.: Alternative measures of the explanatory power of general multivariate regression models. J. Math. Soc. 28, 125–146 (2004)
Wagner, G., Burkhauser, R., Behringer, F.: The English language public use file of the German socio-economic panel. J. Hum. Resour. 28, 429–433 (1993)
Wolf, E.: Lower wage rates for lesser hours? A simultaneous wage-hours model for Germany. Labour Econ. 9, 643–663 (2002)
Wooldridge, J.M.: Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. MIT Press, Cambridge (2002)
Zhao, L.P., Prentice, R.L.: Correlated binary regression using a quadratic exponential model. Biometrika 77, 642–648 (1990)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
We are grateful to an associate editor and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pannenberg, M., Spiess, M. GEE estimation of the covariance structure of a bivariate panel data model with an application to wage dynamics and the incidence of profit-sharing in West Germany. AStA Adv Stat Anal 93, 427–447 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10182-009-0117-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10182-009-0117-2