Abstract
Objectives
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is one of the most serious inherited inflammatory disorders among Jewish, Armenian, Turkish and Arab populations. The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may play a role in its etiology. We have investigated whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms are associated with FMF and evaluated the relationship between these polymorphisms and genotypic manifestation of FMF.
Methods
We investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TNF-α promoter at positions −308 G/A and the PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism in peripheral blood leukocytes collected from 177 individuals with FMF with different genotype combinations. All of the polymorphisms of TNF-α and PAI-1 were detected by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
Results
There were no association between the TNF-α/308 genotypes and mutations in FMF. In contrast, the PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism may have a significant effect in FMF disease.
Conclusions
Screening with PAI-1 gene polymorphism tests may be beneficial for tracing future FMF patients. However, further investigations are needed to reach a conclusion on the association between PAI-1 polymorphisms and FMF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yılmaz R, Ozer S, Ozyurt H, Erkorkmaz U, Sahin S. Familial Mediterranean fever gene mutations in the inner northern region of Turkey and genotype–phenotype correlation in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009;45:641–5.
Gunel Ozcan A, Sayın DB, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Guliter S, Yakaryilmaz F, Ensari C. The spectrum of FMF mutations and genotypes in the referrals to molecular genetic laboratory at Kırıkkale University in Turkey. Mol Biol Rep. 2009;36:757–60.
Balci-Peynircioglu B, Waite AL, Hu C, Richards N, Staubach-Grosse A, Yilmaz E, et al. Pyrin, product of the MEFV locus, interacts with the proapoptotic protein, Siva. J Cell Physiol. 2008;216:595–602.
Aksu G, Ozturk C, Kavakli K, Genel F, Kutukculer N. Hypercoagulability: interaction between inflammation and coagulation in familial Mediterranean fever. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:366–70.
Dundar M, Emirogullari EF, Kiraz A, Taheri S, Baskol M. Common familial Mediterranean fever gene mutations in a Turkish cohort. Mol Biol Rep. 2011;38:5065–9.
Chae JJ, Cho YH, Lee GS, Cheng J, Liu PP, Feigenbaum L, et al. Gain-of-function pyrin mutations induce NLRP3 protein-independent interleukin-1beta activation and severe autoinflammation in mice. Immunity. 2011;34:755–68.
Ozel Demiralp D, Ekim M, Akar N. The effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 −675 4G/5G polymorphism on familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2009;15:443–7.
Manukyan GP, Ghazaryan KA, Ktsoyan ZhA, Tatyan MV, Khachatryan ZA, Hakobyan GS, et al. Cytokine profile of Armenian patients with familial Mediterranean fever. Clin Biochem. 2008;41:920–2.
Vural P, Degirmencioglu S, Saral NY, Demirkan A, Akgul C, Yildirim G, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 polymorphisms in preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2010;36:64–71.
Kroeger KM, Carville KS, Abraham LJ. The −308 tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphism effects transcription. Mol Immunol. 1997;34:391–9.
Wilson AG, Symons JA, McDowell TL, McDevitt HO, Duff GW. Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter on transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:3195–9.
Flick MJ, Du X, Witte DP, Jirouskova M, Soloviev DA, Busuttil SJ, et al. Leukocyte engagement of fibrin(ogen) via the integrin receptor alphaMbeta2/Mac-1 is critical for host inflammatory response in vivo. J Clin Invest. 2004;113:1596–606.
Gil W. Inflammo-coagulatory response, extrinsic pathway thrombin generation and a new theory of activated clotting time interpretation. Perfusion. 2001;16:27–35.
Wingeyer SP, de Larranaga G, Cunto E, Fontana L, Nogueras C, San Juan J. Role of 4G/5G promoter polymorphism of plasminogen activator ınhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene in outcome of sepsis. Thromb Res. 2010;125:367–9.
Emirogullari EF, Saatçi C, Ünal A, Şahin A, Ozkul Y. Prothrombin, factor-V Leiden and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene polymorphisms in hemodialysis patients with/without arteriovenous fistula thrombosis. Int J Nephrol Urol. 2010;2:314–9.
Papadopoulos VP, Giaglis S, Mitroulis I, Ritis K. The population genetics of familial Mediterranean fever: a meta-analysis study. Ann Hum Genet. 2008;72:752–61.
Baykal Y, Saglam K, Yilmaz MI, Taslipinar A, Akinci SB, Inal A. Serum sIL-2r, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha level in familial Mediterranean fever patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2003;22:99–101.
Drenth JP, Van Uum SH, Van Deuren M, Pesman GJ, Van der Ven-Jongekrijg J, Van der Meer JW. Endurance run increases circulating IL-6 and IL-1ra but downregulates ex vivo TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production. J Appl Physiol. 1995;79:1497–503.
Schattner A, Gurevitz A, Zemer D, Hahn T. Induced TNF production in vitro as a test for familial Mediterranean fever. Q J Med. 1996;89:205–10.
Akar N, Hasipek M, Akar E, Ekim M, Yalcinkaya F, Cakar N. Serum amyloid A1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha alleles in Turkish familial Mediterranean fever patients with and without amyloidosis. Amyloid. 2003;10:12–6.
Yilmaz E, Balci B, Kutlay S, Ozen S, Erturk S, Oner A, et al. Analysis of the modifying effects of SAA1, SAA2 and TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms on development of amyloidosis in FMF patients. Turk J Pediatr. 2003;45:198–202.
Karahan ZC, Ozturk A, Akar E, Akar N. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) −174 G/C polymorphism in familial Mediterranean fever patients with and without amyloidosis. J Nephrol. 2005;18:582–4.
Celebi Kobak A, Kobak S, Kabasakal Y, Akarca US. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter polymorphism in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:908–910.
Li XX, Li N, Ban CJ, Zhu M, Xiao B, Dai HP. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in relation to gene polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-beta1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Chin Med J. 2011;124:1923–7.
Lima LM, Carvalho MD, Fonseca Neto CP, Garcia JC, Sousa MO. PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and plasma levels association in patients with coronary artery disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;97:462–7.
Sari I, Yuksel A, Kozaci D, et al. The effect of regular colchicine treatment on biomarkers related with vascular injury in newly diagnosed patients with FMF. Inflammation. 2012;35(3):1191–7.
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Dundar, M., Kiraz, A., Balta, B. et al. The role of TNF-α and PAI-1 gene polymorphisms in familial Mediterranean fever. Mod Rheumatol 23, 140–145 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10165-012-0687-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10165-012-0687-9