Abstract
In April 2001, a 9-year-old child was attacked and killed by dingoes on Fraser Island, Australia. The Dingo Management Strategy formulated in response to this incident proposed ultrasonic deterrents as one of a number of non-lethal management techniques requiring further investigation. In this paper, we describe a preliminary examination of an ultrasonic deterrent to dingoes using four captive animals as test subjects. Although replication was minimal, the use of a simple experimental design, in combination with a flexible analytical technique, sufficiently demonstrated that the unit tested produced no measurable effect as a deterrent to test subjects.
References
Belant JL, Seamans TW, Tyson LA (1998) Evaluation of electronic frightening devices as white-tailed deer deterrents. Proc Vertebr Pest Conf 18:107–110
Bender H (2001) Deterrence of kangaroos from roadways using ultrasonic frequencies: efficacy of the Shu Roo. Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne
Bender H (2003) Deterrence of kangaroos from agricultural areas using ultrasonic frequencies: Efficacy of a commercial device. Wildl Soc Bull 31:1037–1046
Blackshaw JK, Cook GE, Harding P, Day C, Bates W, Rose J, Brahmam D (1990) Aversive response of dogs to ultrasonic, sonic and flashing light units. Appl Anim Behav Sci 25:1–8
Bomford M, O’Brien PH (1990) Sonic deterrents in animal damage control: a review of device tests and effectiveness. Wildl Soc Bull 18:411–422
Breck SW, Williamson R, Niemeyer C, Shivik JA (2002) Non-lethal radio activated guard for deterring wolf depredation in Idaho: summary and call for research. Proc Vertebr Pest Conf 20:223–226
Curtis PD, Fitzgerald C, Richmond ME (1995) Evaluation of the Yard Gard ultrasonic yard protector for repelling white-tailed deer. Proc East Wildl Dam Cont Conf 7:172–176
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2001) Fraser Island dingo management strategy. Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland Government, Brisbane
Greaves JH, Rowe FP (1969) Responses of confined rodent populations to an ultrasound generator. J Wildl Manage 33:409–417
Hurley S, Fenton MB (1980) Ineffectiveness of fenthion, zinc phosphide, DDT and two ultrasonic rodent repellers for control of populations of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 25:503–507
Koehler AE, Marsh RE, Salmon TP (1990) Frightening methods and devices/stimuli to prevent mammal damage—a review. Proc Vertebr Pest Conf 14:168–173
Lavoie GK, Glahn JF (1977) Ultrasound as a deterrent to Rattus norvegicus. J Stored Prod Res 13:23–28
Linhart SB, Sterner RT, Dasch GJ, Theade JW (1984) Efficacy of light and sound stimuli for reducing coyote predation upon pastured sheep. Prot Ecol 6:75–84
Linhart SB, Dasch GJ, Johnson C, Roberts JD, Packham CJ (1992) Electronic frightening devices for reducing coyote predation on domestic sheep: efficacy under range conditions and operational use. Proc Vertebr Pest Conf 15:386–392
Meehan AP (1976) Attempts to influence the feeding behaviour of brown rats using ultrasonic noise generators. Int Pest Control 18:12–15
Mills DS, Bailey SL, Thurstans RE (2000) Evaluation of the welfare implications and efficacy of an ultrasonic ‘deterrent’ for cats. Vet Rec 147:678–680
Nelson SH, Evans AD, Bradbury RB (2006) The efficacy of an ultrasonic cat deterrent. Appl Anim Behav Sci 96:83–91
R Development Core Team (2003) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria Online:http://www.R-project.org
Shumake SA, Kolz AL, Crane KA, Johnson RE (1982) Variables affecting ultrasound repellency in Philippine rats. J Wildl Manage 46:148–155
Sprock CM, Howard WE, Jacob FC (1967) Sound as a deterrent to rats and mice. J Wildl Manage 31:729–741
Stewart JL (1984) Acoustics in pest control. Av-Alarm Corporation, Oregon
van der Ree R, Bender H, Nelson J (2002) The effectiveness of ultrasound at deterring grey-headed flying-foxes from roosting in the Fern Gully, Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne—a pilot study. Research report number 7. Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Melbourne
Venables WN, Ripley BD (2002) Modern applied statistics with S. 4th edn. Springer, New York
Woronecki PP (1988) Effect of ultrasonic, visual, and sonic devices on pigeon numbers in a vacant building. Proc Vertebr Pest Conf 13:266–272
Acknowledgments
Mike Noble of the DCESQ graciously provided full access to his captive dingoes and facilities to allow this study to take place. The ultrasonic deterrent units used during this project were supplied by Jim Savage of Bird Gard Australia. James McBroom of Griffith University advised on statistical analysis and interpretation. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Edgar, J.P., Appleby, R.G. & Jones, D.N. Efficacy of an ultrasonic device as a deterrent to dingoes (Canis lupus dingo): a preliminary investigation. J Ethol 25, 209–213 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-006-0004-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-006-0004-1