Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Towards deliberative coastal governance: insights from South Africa and the Mississippi Delta

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Regional Environmental Change Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Coastal sustainability is elusive in South Africa and the Mississippi delta. These case studies and convergent literatures demonstrate the merits of reconceptualising coastal management as a transformative practice of deliberative governance. A normative framework is presented that focuses attention on underpinning deliberative outcomes to enable governance actors and networks to build cognitive, democratic, sociopolitical and institutional capacity to transform unsustainable and maladaptive coastal practices. But operationalising such intentions is complex and contested and requires a volte-face in thinking and practice. The South African and Mississippi delta experiences provide insights about how to develop a deliberative praxis of coastal governance based on consideration of the choice of process, timeliness, quality of process, equity and representation, connections to the policy cycle, impact, implementation and institutionalisation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adger WN, Lorenzoni I, O’Brien KL (2009) Adapting to climate change: thresholds, values, governance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Aven T, Renn O (2010) Risk management and governance. Springer, Heidelberg

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Aylett A (2010) Conflict, collaboration and climate change: participatory democracy and urban environmental struggles in Durban, South Africa. Int J Urban Reg Res 34(3):478–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baber WF, Bartlett RV (2005) Deliberative environmental politics: democracy and ecological rationality. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Batker DP, de la Torre I, Costanza R, Swedeen P, Day JW, Boumans R, Bagstad K (2010) Gaining ground—wetlands, hurricanes and the economy: the value of restoring the Mississippi River Delta. Earth Econ, Tacoma

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beierle TC, Cayford J (2002) Democracy in practice: public participation in environmental decisions. Resources for the Future Press, Washington DC

  • Bingham LB, Nabatchi T, O’Leary R (2005) The new governance: practices and processes for stakeholder and citizen participation in the work of government. Public Adm 65(5):547–558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum MD, Roberts HH (2012) The Mississippi Delta region: past, present, and future. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 40:655–683

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boesch DF (2012) Deep-water drilling remains a risky business. Nature 484:289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyte HC (2005) Reframing democracy: governance, civic agency, and politics. Public Adm Rev 65(5):536–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burbridge PR, Glavovic BC, Olsen SB (2012) Practitioner reflections on integrated coastal management experience in Europe, South Africa, and Ecuador. In: Kremer H, Pinckney J (eds) Management of estuaries and coasts. Academic Press, Waltham, pp 131–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Campanella R (2007) An ethnic geography of New Orleans. J Am History 94:704–715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Celliers L, Rosendo S, Coetzee I, Daniels G (2013) Pathways of integrated coastal management from national policy to local implementation: enabling climate change adaptation. Marine Policy 39:72–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers S (2003) Deliberative democratic theory. Annu Rev Polit Sci 6:307–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cicin-Sain B, Knecht RW (1998) Integrated coastal and ocean management: concepts and practices. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colenbrander D, Cartwright A, Taylor A (2014) Drawing a line in the sand: managing coastal risks in the City of Cape Town. S Afr Geogr J. doi:10.1080/03736245.2014.924865

    Google Scholar 

  • Comfort LK, Birkland TA, Cigler BA, Nance E (2010) Retrospectives and prospectives on hurricane Katrina: five years and counting. Public Adm Rev 70(5):669–678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooke B, Kathari U (eds) (2001) Participation: the new tyranny?. Zed Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Crutzen PJ (2002) Geology of mankind. Nature 415:23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crutzen PJ, Stoermer EF (2000) The anthropocene. Global Change Newslett 41:17–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Darbas T (2008) Reflexive governance of urban catchments: a case of deliberative truncation. Environ Plan A 40:1454–1469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day JD, Boesch E et al (2007) Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: lessons from hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Science 315:1679–1684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day JW, Kemp GP, Freeman AM, Muth DP (eds) (2014) Perspectives on the restoration of the Mississippi Delta: the once and future delta. Springer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryzek JS (1990) Discursive democracy: politics, policy and political science. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryzek JS (2000) Deliberative democracy and beyond: liberalism, critics, contestations. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryzek JS (2009) Democratization as deliberative capacity building. Comp Polit Stud 42(11):1379–1402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dryzek JS (2011) Foundations and frontiers of deliberative governance. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Few R, Brown K, Tompkins EL (2007) Public participation and climate change adaptation: avoiding the illusion of inclusion. Clim Policy 7(1):46–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer F (2000) Citizens, experts and the environment: the politics of local knowledge. Duke University Press, Durham

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer F (2003) Reframing public policy: discursive politics and deliberative practices. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer F (2006) Participatory governance as deliberative empowerment. The cultural politics of discursive space. Am Rev Public Adm 36(1):19–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freudenburg WR, Gramling R (2011) Blowout in the Gulf: The BP oil spill disaster and the future of energy in America. The MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Freudenburg WR, Gramling R, Laska S, Erikson KT (2009) Catastrophe in the making: the engineering of Katrina and the disasters of tomorrow. Island Press, Washington DC

  • Fung A (2003) Recipes for public spheres: eight institutional design choices and their consequences. J Polit Philos 11:338–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung A (2004) Empowered participation: reinventing urban democracy. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung A (2006) Varieties of participation in democratic governance. Public Adm Rev 66(Supplement 1):66–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung A, Wright EO (2001) Deepening democracy: innovations in empowered local governance. Polit Soc 29(1):5–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung A, Wright EO (eds) (2003) Deepening democracy: institutional innovations in empowered participatory governance. Verso, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC (2006) The evolution of coastal management in South Africa: why blood is thicker than water. J Ocean Coast Manag 49(12):889–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC (2008a) Sustainable coastal development in South Africa: Bridging the chasm between rhetoric and reality. In: Krishnamurthy R et al (eds) Integrated coastal zone management: the global challenge. Research Publishing Services, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC (2008b) Sustainable coastal communities in the age of coastal storms: reconceptualising coastal planning and ICM as ‘new’ naval architecture’. J Coast Conserv 12(3):125–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC (2013a) The coastal innovation paradox. Sustainability 5:912–933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC (2013b) Disasters and the continental shelf: exploring new frontiers of risk. In: Nordquist MH, Moore JN, Chircop A, Long R (eds) The regulation of continental shelf development. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, pp 225–256

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC (2013c) The coastal innovation imperative. Sustainability 5:934–954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC (2014) Waves of adversity, layers of resilience: floods, hurricanes, oil spills and climate change in the Mississippi Delta. In: Glavovic BC, Smith GP (eds) Adapting to climate change: lessons from natural hazards planning. Springer, Berlin

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC (in press) On the frontline in the anthropocene: adapting to climate change through deliberative coastal governance. In: Glavovic BC, Kelly M, Kay R, Travers A (eds) Climate change and the coast: building resilient communities. CRC Press, Boca Raton

  • Glavovic BC, Boonzaaier S (2007) Confronting coastal poverty: building sustainable coastal livelihoods in South Africa. J Ocean Coast Manag 50(1–2):1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC, Cullinan C (2009) The coastal zone. In: Strydom HGA, King ND (eds) Fuggle and Rabie’s environmental management in South Africa. Juta, Cape Town

    Google Scholar 

  • Glavovic BC, Kelly M, Kay R, Travers A (eds) (in press) Climate change and the coast: building resilient communities. CRC Press, Boca Raton

  • Goble BJ, Lewis M, Hill TR, Phillips MR (2014) Coastal management in South Africa: historical perspectives and setting the stage of a new era. Ocean Coast Manag 91:32–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodin RE, Dryzek JS (2006) Deliberative impacts. The macro-political uptake of mini-publics. Polit Soc 34(2):219–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupte M, Bartlett RV (2007) Necessary preconditions for deliberative environmental democracy? Challenging the modernity bias of current theory. Global Environ Polit 7(3):94–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hegger D, Lamers M, Van Zeil-Rozema A, Dieperink C (2012) Conceptualising joint knowledge production in regional climate change adaptation projects: success conditions and levers for action. Environ Sci Policy 18:52–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hickey S, Mohan G (eds) (2004) Participation: from tyranny to transformation?. Zed Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmeester C, Bishop B, Stocker L, Syme G (2012) Social cultural influences on current and future coastal governance. Futures 44:719–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoppe R (2011) Institutional constraints and practical problems in deliberative and participatory policy making. Policy Polit 39(2):163–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenssen S (2008) Deliberative democracy in practice. Acta Polit 43:71–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan S, Benson W (2013) Governance and the Gulf of Mexico Coast: how are current policies contributing to sustainability? Sustainability 5:4688–4705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahane D, Weinstock D, Leydet D, Williams M (2010) Deliberative democracy in practice. UBC Press, Vancouver and Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannen A (2012) Challenges for marine spatial planning in the context of multiple sea uses, policy arenas and actors based on experiences from the German North Sea. Region Environ Change. doi:10.1007/s10113-012-0349-7

  • Kay R, Alder J (2005) Coastal planning and management, 2nd edn. Taylor and Francis, London and New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr S, Johnson K, Side JC (2014) Planning at the edge: integrating across the land sea divide. Marine Policy 47:118–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King CS, Feltey KM, O’Neill Susel B (1998) The question of participation: toward authentic public participation in public administration. Public Adm Rev 58(4):317–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinke A (2014) Postnational discourse, deliberation, and participation toward global risk governance. Rev Int Stud 40:247–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinke A, Renn O (2002) A new approach to risk evaluation and management: risk-based, precaution-based, and discourse-based strategies. Risk Anal 22(6):1071–1094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinke A, Renn O (2012) Adaptive and integrative governance on risk and uncertainty. J Risk Res 15(3):273–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kooiman J (2003) Governing as governance. Sage, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kremer H, Pinckney J (eds) (2012) Management of estuaries and coasts. Academic Press, Waltham

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamoorthy R, Glavovic BC et al (eds) (2008) Integrated coastal zone management: the global challenge. Research Publishing Services, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Laska S, Morrow B (2006) Social vulnerabilities and hurricane Katrina: an unnatural disaster in New Orleans. J Marine Technol Soc 40(4):16–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebel L, Anderies JM, et al (2006) Governance and the capacity to manage resilience in regional social–ecological systems. Ecol Soc 11(1):19. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/art19/

  • Lemos MC, Agrawal A (2006) Environmental governance. Annu Rev Environ Resour 31:297–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd MG, Peel D, Duck RW (2013) Towards a social–ecological resilience framework for coastal planning. Land Use Policy 30:925–933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (2007, 2012) Louisiana Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. LACPRA, Baton Rouge, LA. http://www.coastalmasterplan.louisiana.gov/. Accessed August 2013

  • Lubchenco J, Petes LE (2010) The interconnected biosphere: science at the ocean’s tipping points. Oceanography 23(2):115–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mead A, Griffiths C et al (2013) Human-mediated drivers of change—impacts on coastal ecosystems and marine biota of South Africa. Afr J Marine Sci 35(3):403–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menzel S, Buchecker M (2013) Does participatory planning foster the transformation toward more adaptive social–ecological systems? Ecol Soc 18(1):13

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris C (2012) The big muddy: an environmental history of the Mississippi and its peoples, from Hernando de Soto to Hurricane Katrina. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser SC, Williams SJ, Boesch DF (2012) Wicked challenges at land’s end: managing coastal vulnerability under climate change. Annu Rev Environ Resour 37:51–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nabatchi T (2014) Deliberative civic engagement in public administration and policy. Journal of Public Deliberation, 10(1):21. http://www.publicdeliberation.net/jpd/vol10/iss1/art21

  • National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (2011) Deep water: the Gulf Oil Disaster and the future of offshore drilling: Report to the President. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-nation-bp-oil-spill. Accessed 17 December, 2012

  • Nelson M, Ehrenfeucht R, Laska S (2007) Planning, plans, and people: professional expertise, local knowledge, and governmental action in post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans. Cityscape J Policy Dev Res 9(3):23–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Newig J, Fritsch O (2009) Environmental governance: participatory, multi-level—and effective? Environ Policy Govern 19(3):197–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls RJ, Wong PP et al (2007) Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF et al (eds) Climate Change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University PressUK, Cambridge, pp 315–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen SB (2002) Assessing progress towards goals of coastal management. Coastal Management 30:325–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen SB (2003) Frameworks and indicators for assessing progress in integrated coastal management initiatives. J Ocean Coastal Manag 46(3–4):347–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen SB, Page GG, Ochoa E (2009) The analysis of governance responses to ecosystem change: a handbook for assembling a baseline. LOICZ R and S Report No. 34, GKSS Research Centre, Geesthacht, Germany

  • Ostrom E (2010) Beyond markets and states: polycentric governance of complex economic systems. Am Econ Rev 100:641–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer J (2012) Risk governance in an age of wicked problems: lessons from the European approach to indirect land-use change. J Risk Res 15(5):495–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer BJ, Hill TR, Mcgregor GK, Paterson AW (2011) An assessment of coastal development and land use change using the DPSIR framework: case studies from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Coastal Management 39(2):158–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierre J, Peters G (2000) Governance, politics and the state. Macmillan Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Portman ME, Esteves LS, Le XQ, Khan AZ (2012) Improving integration for integrated coastal zone management: an eight country study. Sci Total Environ 439:194–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reis J, Stojanovic T, Smith H (2014) Relevance of systems approaches for implementing integrated coastal zone management principles in Europe. Marine Policy 43:3–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renn O (2008) Risk governance: coping with uncertainty in a complex world. Earthscan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Saikku M (2005) This delta, this land: an environmental history of the Yazoo-Mississippi Floodplain. University of Georgia Press, Athens

    Google Scholar 

  • Webler T, Tuler S et al (2014) Design and evaluation of a local analytic-deliberative process for climate adaptation planning. Local Environ Int J Just Sustain. doi:10.1080/13549839.2014.930425

  • Wilson PA (2009) Deliberative planning for disaster recovery: re-membering New Orleans. J Public Delib 5(1), Article 1. http://www.publicdeliberation.net/jpd/vol5iss1/art1. Accessed August 2013

  • Wong PP, Losada IJ, et al. (2014) Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In Field CB, Barros VR et al. (eds) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of working group II to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Final Draft

  • Woods C (1998) development arrested: the blues and plantation power in the Mississippi Delta. Verso, London and New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynberg R, Hauck M (2014) People, power, and the coast: a conceptual framework for understanding and implementing benefit sharing. Ecol Soc 19(1):27. doi: 10.5751/ES-06250-190127

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the editors for considering this article for inclusion in this Special Issue. I would also like to thank LOICZ and the New Zealand Earthquake Commission for providing financial support that enabled me to conduct the research upon which this article is based and to enable participation in IMBIZO III. I would also like to thank the journal editors and reviewers for their constructive suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. I retain sole responsibility for this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruce Christopher Glavovic.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Glavovic, B.C. Towards deliberative coastal governance: insights from South Africa and the Mississippi Delta. Reg Environ Change 16, 353–365 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0727-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0727-4

Keywords

Navigation