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Expression and clinical significance of non-phagocytic cell oxidase 2 and 4 after human traumatic brain injury

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Abstract

The goal of this study was to examine NOX2 and NOX4 expression in clinical samples of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to explore the correlation of NOX2 and NOX4 expression with the severity of injury, duration of injury, and prognosis. Brain samples of 20 TBI patients within 1 cm of the contusion site were collected and grouped based on duration of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and immunofluorescence staining were performed to examine the expression levels of NOX2 and NOX4 in the neurons and astrocytes. We found that the expression level of NOX2 in neurons and positive rate of NOX2 expression in astrocytes peaked at 12–24 and 6–12 h after injury, respectively. The expression level of NOX4 in neurons peaked at 24–48 h, and the positive rate of NOX4 expression gradually increased with prolonged injury. We also found that the higher the GCS score, the lower the expression levels of NOX2 and NOX4 in neurons was, while higher the GCS score, the lower the positive rate of NOX4 expression in astrocytes was and the higher the GOS grade, the lower the positive rate of expression in astrocytes was. In conclusion, NOX2 and NOX4 expressions significantly increase at an early stage after TBI, and abnormal expressions of NOX2 and NOX4 are correlated to patient prognosis to certain extent.

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Abbreviations

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NOX:

Non-phagocytic cell oxidase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

OS:

Oxidative stress

NOX1:

Non-phagocytic cell oxidase1

NOX2:

Non-phagocytic cell oxidase2

NOX3:

Non-phagocytic cell oxidase3

NOX4:

Non-phagocytic cell oxidase4

NOX5:

Non-phagocytic cell oxidase5

DUOX1:

Dual-function oxidase1

DUOX2:

Dual-function oxidase2

GCS:

Glasgow coma scale

GOS:

Glasgow outcome scale

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81171105, 81271300, and 81371279), Jiangsu Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader program (No. LJ201139), the National Key Technology R&D program for the 12th Five-year plan of the People’s Republic of China (2011BAI08B05, 2011BAI08B06, and 2014BAZ04810), and grants from Scientific Department of Jiangsu Province (No. BL2014045) and Suzhou Government (No. LCZX201301, SZS201413 and SYS201332).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Jingjiang People’s Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 214500, Jiangsu, China

    Zhen Li & Xin Qi

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China

    Fengxuan Tian

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Taicang People’s Hospital, Suzhou, 215400, Jiangsu, China

    Xuming Shen

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China

    Zhong Shao, Haiying Li, Zhong Wang & Gang Chen

Authors
  1. Zhen Li
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  2. Fengxuan Tian
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  3. Zhong Shao
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  4. Xuming Shen
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  5. Xin Qi
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  6. Haiying Li
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  7. Zhong Wang
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  8. Gang Chen
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xuming Shen or Gang Chen.

Additional information

Z. Li, F. Tian and Z. Shao equally contributed to this work.

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Li, Z., Tian, F., Shao, Z. et al. Expression and clinical significance of non-phagocytic cell oxidase 2 and 4 after human traumatic brain injury. Neurol Sci 36, 61–71 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1909-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1909-z

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