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Tradeoff exploration between reliability, power consumption, and execution time for embedded systems

The TSH tricriteria scheduling heuristic

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Abstract

For autonomous critical real-time embedded (e.g., satellite), guaranteeing a very high level of reliability is as important as keeping the power consumption as low as possible. We propose an off-line scheduling heuristic which, from a given software application graph and a given multiprocessor architecture (homogeneous and fully connected), produces a static multiprocessor schedule that optimizes three criteria: its length (crucial for real-time systems), its reliability (crucial for dependable systems), and its power consumption (crucial for autonomous systems). Our tricriteria scheduling heuristic, called TSH, uses the active replication of the operations and the data-dependencies to increase the reliability and uses dynamic voltage and frequency scaling to lower the power consumption. We demonstrate the soundness of TSH. We also provide extensive simulation results to show how TSH behaves in practice: first, we run TSH on a single instance to provide the whole Pareto front in 3D; second, we compare TSH versus the ECS heuristic (Energy-Conscious Scheduling) from the literature; and third, we compare TSH versus an optimal Mixed Linear Integer Program.

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Notes

  1. Because \(\varLambda _B(o_i,\mathcal Q _k)\) is not the GSFR of the partial schedule \(S^{(n+1)}\) but only of the macro-block of \(o_i\), it does not bear the superscript \((n+1)\).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ENSEM (RTSE Team), University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco

    Ismail Assayad

  2. POP ART Team and LIG Lab, INRIA and Grenoble University, Grenoble, France

    Alain Girault

  3. LaSTIC Lab, REDS Team, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria

    Hamoudi Kalla

Authors
  1. Ismail Assayad
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  2. Alain Girault
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  3. Hamoudi Kalla
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Correspondence to Alain Girault.

Additional information

A short version of this article has been published in the proceedings of the SAFECOMP’11 International Conference, September 2011, Napoli, Italy.

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Assayad, I., Girault, A. & Kalla, H. Tradeoff exploration between reliability, power consumption, and execution time for embedded systems. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer 15, 229–245 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-012-0263-9

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