Experimental and theoretical assignment of the vibrational spectra of triazoles and benzotriazoles. Identification of IR marker bands and electric response properties

Abstract

The FTIR spectra of a series of 1H- and 2H- 1,2,3- and 1,2,4- triazoles and benzotriazoles were measured in the solid state. Assignments of the observed bands were facilitated by computation of the spectra using the density functional B3LYP method with the 6-311++G** basis set. The theoretical spectra show very good agreement with experiment. Rigorous normal coordinate analyses have been performed, and detailed vibrational assignment has been made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distributions. Several ambiguities and contradictions in the previously reported vibrational assignments have been clarified. “Marker bands” characterize the triazole ring were identified. The effect of substituents, the nature of the characteristic “marker bands” and quenching of intensities of some bands are discussed. Comparison of the topology of the charge density distribution, and the electric response properties of the 1H-, and 2H- isomers of both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4 triazole have been made using the quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) by calculating the Laplacian of the electron density (∇²ρ(r)). Analysis of the contour plots and relief maps of ∇²ρ(r) reveals that 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles show completely different topological features for the distribution of the electron density. Thus, while the 1,2,3-isomer is a very polar molecule, the 1,2,4-isomer is much more polarizable. Bonding characteristics show also different features. This would thus underlie the different features of their vibrational spectra. The reported vibrational assignment can be used for further spectroscopic studies of new drugs and biological compounds containing the triazole ring.