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Acidogenicity of dual-species biofilms of bifidobacteria and Streptococcus mutans

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acidogenicity of dual-species biofilms of bifidobacteria and Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and methods

The following strains were tested: Bifidobacterium dentium DSM20436, Parascardovia denticolens DSM10105, and Scardovia inopinata DSM10107. Streptococcus mutans UA159 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 were used as control. Bifidobacteria were studied planktonically as they were not able to form monospecies biofilm, they were grown in biofilms associated with S. mutans. Endogenous polysaccharide reserves of cultures at log phase were depleted. Standardized suspensions of the microorganisms were incubated in growth media supplemented with 10 mM glucose, lactose, raffinose, glucose, or xylitol. S. mutans biofilms were grown on glass cover slips for 24 h to which bifidobacteria were added. After 24 h, the dual-species biofilms were exposed to the same carbon sources, and after 3 h, the pH of spent culture media and concentrations of organic acids were measured. Statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).

Results

A higher pH drop was observed when S. mutans was associated with P. denticolens or S. inopinata, in either planktonic or biofilm cultures, than with S. mutans alone. Bifidobacteria showed a higher pH drop in the presence of raffinose than S. mutans or L. acidophilus.

Conclusions

Dual-species biofilms of bifidobacteria and S. mutans produced more acid and greater pH drops than biofilms of S. mutans alone.

Clinical relevance

New insights on the complex process of caries pathogenicity contribute to the establishment of preventive and therapeutic measures, in particular in specific cases, such as in early childhood caries.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel– CAPES/Brazil (Grant #3755/10-0) and São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP/Brazil (Grant #10/02063-1), and the staff of the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology – Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam – Netherlands for its contribution (laboratory facilities and consumables). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Engineering Department, São José dos Campos Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil

    Bruno Mello de Matos & Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito

  2. UNIVASF, Univ. Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rua da Alvorada, General Dutra, Paulo Afonso, BA, 48607-190, Brazil

    Bruno Mello de Matos

  3. Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Centro, Araraquara, SP, 14801-385, Brazil

    Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti

  4. School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Thuy Do

  5. Division of Oral Biology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Level 7, St James’s University Hospital Campus, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK

    Thuy Do

  6. Dental Institute, King’s College London, Bessemer Rd., Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RW, UK

    David Beighton

  7. Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco Jose Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, Brazil

    Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito

Authors
  1. Bruno Mello de Matos
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  2. Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
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  3. Thuy Do
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  4. David Beighton
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  5. Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

The work was supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES/Brazil (Grant #3755/10–0) and São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP/Brazil (Grant #2010/02,063–1).

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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de Matos, B.M., Brighenti, F.L., Do, T. et al. Acidogenicity of dual-species biofilms of bifidobacteria and Streptococcus mutans . Clin Oral Invest 21, 1769–1776 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1958-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1958-1

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