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Ansprüche an die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit

Die anderen und ich

Demands on interprofessional collaboration

Them and us

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Optimale Outcomes wie geringere Morbidität, höhere Patienten- und Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit sowie niedrigere Versorgungskosten im heutigen diagnosefokussierten Gesundheitssystem können durch eine effektive interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit erreicht werden.

Ziel

Basierend auf der Literatur und eigenen klinischen Erfahrungen wird erfolgreiche beziehungsweise verbesserungswürdige interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit reflektiert.

Ergebnisse

Einige Faktoren unterstützen den interprofessionellen Ansatz: das Ausräumen von Vorurteilen gegenüber anderen Berufsgruppen schon in der Grundausbildung – kollektives Lernen, um späteres gemeinsames Arbeiten zu fördern; frühzeitige Förderung der Wertschätzung der Kompetenzen der jeweils anderen Berufsgruppe durch Kommunikation; Organisationsstrukturen nach erforderlicher Fachkompetenz, ohne dass eine Berufsgruppe der anderen vorgesetzt ist; konstruktives Hinterfragen der Handlungsweisen oder Therapieentscheide; Schaffen von Anreizen im Gesundheitssystem zur Stimulation von gemeinsamem Lernen und Arbeiten.

Schlussfolgerungen

Von Bereichen wie Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin aber auch der palliativen Versorgung, in denen die Interprofessionalität schon heute gelebt wird, kann gelernt werden, wie eine positive Beeinflussung alltäglicher Prozesse im Sinn der Interprofessionalität möglich wird. Dies stellt einen Paradigmenwechsel im beruflichen Selbstverständnis dar, der in einzelnen Bereichen bereits teilweise vollzogen wird. Neben dem Fachpersonal sollte zukünftig auch der Patient – und möglicherweise seine Angehörigen – als weiteres Teammitglied gesehen werden, wodurch eine personenzentrierte Versorgung gewährleistet wird. Effekte einer solchen Teamarbeit müssen bezogen auf gemeinsam definierte Outcomes evaluiert werden, um zukunftsweisende Modelle der interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit zu entwickeln und fördern.

Abstract

Background

Optimal outcomes such as lower mortality, greater satisfaction of patients and health care professionals, and lower health care costs within the current diagnosis-oriented health care system, can be achieved by effective interprofessional collaboration.

Aim

Based on the literature and our own clinical experiences, we reflect on successful or improvable interprofessional collaboration.

Results

Some factors supporting this development are: to dispel preconceptions toward other professions as early as basic education and to support collective learning so as to enhance later collaborative work; early assistance to appreciate the competencies of other professions by communication; organizing structures according to the necessary professional competences without having the superior authority of one profession over the other; constructive challenging of procedures or therapeutic decisions; promotion of incentives within the health care system in for the stimulation of collective learning and working.

Conclusions

We can learn how it is possible to have a positive influence on everyday processes from areas such as intensive care, emergency care, but also palliative care, where interprofessionalism is already a reality. This will mean a change in paradigm of the professional self-concept, which has already been partially implemented in some areas. In the future, patients and possibly family members could also be seen as team members, alongside the professionals, to ensure person-centered care. The effects of such teamwork have to be evaluated with regard to mutually defined outcomes to develop and facilitate forward-looking models of interprofessional collaboration.

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Correspondence to M. C. Fliedner MSN.

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Interessenkonflikt

M.C. Fliedner und S. Eychmüller geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Fliedner, M.C., Eychmüller, S. Ansprüche an die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit. Onkologe 22, 631–637 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-016-0070-0

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