Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Platiniferous gold–tourmaline aggregates in the gold–palladium belt of Minas Gerais, Brazil: implications for regional boron metasomatism

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The platiniferous gold–palladium belt of Minas Gerais, Brazil, forms an approximately 240-km-long, roughly north–south-trending domain that includes numerous auriferous lodes and platiniferous alluvium. The belt transects two Precambrian terranes, the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in the southern part, and the southern Serra do Espinhaço in the northern part. Both terranes were overprinted by regional fluid flow that led to tourmalinisation, with or without hematitisation, and precious-metal mineralisation. Here, we report the occurrence of coarse-grained gold–tourmaline aggregates and integrate recently obtained ages and tourmaline boron-isotope values published elsewhere. One type of aggregate is unique because it has patches that are close to stoichiometric PdPt, in which gold content varies from 2.5 to 33.5 at.%. The gold–tourmaline aggregates seem to be the ultimate expression of the boron metasomatism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

References

  • Alkmim FF, Marshak S (1998) Transamazonian orogeny in the southern São Francisco craton region, Minas Gerais, Brazil: evidence for Paleoproterozoic collision and collapse in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Precambr Res 90:29–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alkmim FF, Martins-Neto MA (2012) Proterozoic first-order sedimentary sequences of the São Francisco craton, eastern Brazil. Mar Petroleum Geol 33:127–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alkmim FF, Pedrosa-Soares AC, Noce CM, Cruz SCP (2007) Sobre a evolução tectônica do orógeno Araçuaí–Congo Ocidental. Geonomos 15:25–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Almeida FFM (1977) O cráton do São Francisco. Rev Bras Geociê 7:285–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Almeida-Abreu PA, Renger FE (2007) Stratigraphy and facies of the southern Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Z Deut Ges Geowis 158:9–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Boiron M-C, Moissette A, Cathelineau M, Banks D, Monnin C, Dubessy J (1999) Detailed determination of palaeofluid chemistry: an integrated study of sulphate–volatile-rich brines and aquo-carbonic fluids in quartz veins from Ouro Fino (Brazil). Chem Geol 154:179–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Koglin N (2012) Hydrothermal fluid source constrained by Co/Ni ratios in coexisting arsenopyrite and tourmaline: the auriferous lode of Passagem, Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Miner Petrol 104:137–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Zeh A (2015a) Detrital zircon without detritus: a result of 496-Ma-old fluid–rock interaction during the gold-lode formation of Passagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Lithos 212–215:415–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Zeh A (2015b) Celebrating the centenary of “The geology of central Minas Gerais, Brazil”: an insight from the Sítio Largo amphibolite. J Geol 123:337–354

  • Cabral AR, Lehmann B, Tupinambá M, Schlosser S, Kwitko-Ribeiro R, de Abreu FR (2009) The platiniferous Au–Pd belt of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and genesis of its botryoidal Pt–Pd–Hg aggregates. Econ Geol 104:1265–1276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Lehmann B, Tupinambá M, Wiedenbeck M, Brauns M (2011a) Geology, mineral chemistry and tourmaline B isotopes of the Córrego Bom Sucesso area, southern Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil: implications for Au–Pd–Pt exploration in quartzitic terrain. J Geochem Expl 110:260–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Radtke M, Munnik F, Lehmann B, Reinholz U, Riesemeier H, Tupinambá M, Kwitko-Ribeiro R (2011b) Iodine in alluvial platinum–palladium nuggets: evidence for biogenic precious-metal fixation. Chem Geol 281:125–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Wiedenbeck M, Koglin N, Lehmann B, de Abreu FR (2012a) Boron-isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of hematitic phyllite in the southern Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Lithos 140–141:224–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Wiedenbeck M, Rios FJ, Seabra Gomes Jr AA, Rocha Filho OG, Jones RD (2012b) Talc mineralisation associated with soft hematite ore, Gongo Soco deposit, Minas Gerais, Brazil: petrography, mineral chemistry and boron-isotope composition of tourmaline. Mineral Deposita 47:411–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Zeh A, Koglin N, Seabra Gomes Jr AA, Viana DJ, Lehmann B (2012c) Dating the Itabira iron formation, Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil, at 2.65 Ga: depositional U–Pb age of zircon from a metavolcanic layer. Precambr Res 204–205:40–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Eugster O, Brauns M, Lehmann B, Rösel D, Zack T, de Abreu FR, Pernicka E, Barth M (2013a) Direct dating of gold by radiogenic helium: testing the method on gold from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Geology 41:163–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Koglin N, Strauss H, Brätz H, Kwitko-Ribeiro R (2013b) Regional sulfate–hematite–sulfide zoning in the auriferous Mariana anticline, Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineral Deposita 48:805–816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Zeh A, Galbiatti HF, Lehmann B (2015a) Late Cambrian Au–Pd mineralization and Fe enrichment in the Itabira district, Minas Gerais, Brazil, at 496 Ma: constraints from U–Pb monazite dating of a jacutinga lode. Econ Geol 110:263–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral AR, Rios FJ, de Oliveira LAR, de Abreu FR, Lehmann B, Zack T, Laufek F (2015b) Fluid-inclusion microthermometry and the Zr-in-rutile thermometer for hydrothermal rutile. Geol Rundsch 104:513–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cassedanne JP, Alves JN (1992) Palladium and platinum from Córrego Bom Sucesso, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Miner Rec 23:471–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaves MLSC, Brandão PRG, Bühn B (2010) Monazita em veios de quartzo da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (MG): mineralogia, idades LA-ICP-MS e implicações geológicas. Rev Bras Geociê 40:506–515

    Google Scholar 

  • Chemale F Jr, Dussin IA, Alkmim FF, Martins MS, Queiroga G, Armstrong R, Santos MN (2012) Unravelling a Proterozoic basin history through detrital zircon geochronology: the case of the Espinhaço Supergroup, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Gond Res 22:200–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Correns CW (1932) Über die Diamantlagerstätten des Hochlandes von Diamantina, Minas Geraes, Brasilien. Z Prakt Geol 40:161–168,177–181

    Google Scholar 

  • de Oliveira EF, Castañeda C, Eeckhout SG, Gilmar MM, Kwitko-Ribeiro R, De Grave E, Botelho NF (2002) Infrared and Mössbauer study of Brazilian tourmalines from different geological environments. Am Mineral 87:1154–1163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derby OA (1898) On the accessory elements of itacolumite, and the secondary enlargement of tourmaline. Am J Sci 5:187–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derby OA (1900) Notes on certain schists of the gold and diamond regions of eastern Minas Geraes, Brazil. Am J Sci 10:207–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorr JVN (1969) Physiographic, stratigraphic and structural development of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil. US Geol Surv Prof Pap 641-A

  • Ferrand P (1894) L'or a Minas Geraes (Brésil). Imprensa Official do Estado de Minas Geraes, Ouro Preto

    Google Scholar 

  • Franz G, Morteani G, Rhede D (2015) Xenotime-(Y) formation from zircon dissolution–precipitation and HREE fractionation: an example from a metamorphosed phosphatic sandstone, Espinhaço fold belt (Brazil). Contrib Mineral Petrol 170:37. doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1191-y

  • Gammons CH, Yu Y, Bloom MS (1993) Experimental investigation of the hydrothermal geochemistry of platinum and palladium: III. The solubility of Ag–Pd alloy + AgCl in NaCl/HCl solutions at 300 °C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:2469–2479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garda GM, Xavier RP, Cavalcanti JAD, Trumbull RB, Wiedenbeck M (2010) Significance of compositional and boron isotope variations in tourmaline of Passagem de Mariana gold mine, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Acta Miner Petrogr Abst Ser 6:483

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmidt VM, Hefter O (1933) Zur Geochemie des Selens. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, mathematisch-physikalische Klasse 1933:245–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffith WP (2003) Bicentenary of four platinum group metals. Part 1: rhodium and palladium – events surrounding their discoveries. Platinum Metals Rev 47:175–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmy HM, Ballhaus C, Fonseca ROC, Wirth R, Nagel T, Tredoux M (2013) Noble metal nanoclusters and nanoparticles precede mineral formation in magmatic sulphide melts. Nature Commun 4:2405. doi:10.1038/ncomms3405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henry DJ, Sun H, Slack JF, Dutrow BL (2008) Tourmaline in meta-evaporites and highly magnesian rocks: perspectives from Namibian tourmalinites. Eur J Mineral 20:889–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herz N (1978) Metamorphic rocks of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil. US Geol Surv Prof Pap 641-C

  • Hussak E (1898) Der goldführende, kiesige Quarzlagergang von Passagem im Minas Geraes, Brasilien. Z Prakt Geol 5:345–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussak E (1904) Über das Vorkommen von Palladium und Platin in Brasilien. Akad Wiss Wien Sitzungsber, Math-Naturwiss Kl 113:379–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemme S, Marschall HR, Jacob DE, Prowatke S, Ludwig T (2011) Trace-element partitioning and boron isotope fractionation between white mica and tourmaline. Can Mineral 49:165–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knauer LG, Schrank A (1993) A origem dos filitos hematíticos da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, Minas Gerais. Geonomos 1:33–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb B, Müller S, Botts DB, Hart GLW (2006) Ordering tendencies in the binary alloys of Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt: density functional calculations. Phys Rev B 74:144206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konrad-Schmolke M, Halama R (2014) Combined thermodynamic–geochemical modeling in metamorphic geology: boron as tracer of fluid–rock interaction. Lithos 208–209:393–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konrad-Schmolke M, Halama R, Manea VC (2016) Slab mantle dehydrates beneath Kamchatka—yet recycles water into the deep mantle. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 17:2987–3007. doi:10.1002/2016GC006335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leake RC, Bland DJ, Styles MT, Cameron DG (1991) Internal structure of Au–Pd–Pt grains from South Devon, England, in relation to low-temperature transport and deposition. Trans Instn Min Metal (Sect B: Appl Earth Sci) 100:B159–B178

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüders V, Romer RL, Cabral AR, Schmidt C, Banks DA, Schneider J (2005) Genesis of itabirite-hosted Au–Pd–Pt-bearing hematite–(quartz) veins, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil: constraints from fluid inclusion infrared microthermometry, bulk crush-leach analysis and U–Pb systematics. Mineral Deposita 40:289–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Machado N, Schrank A, Noce CM, Gauthier G (1996) Ages of detrital zircon from Archean–Paleoproterozoic sequences: implications for greenstone belt setting and evolution of a Transamazonian foreland basin in Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Southeast Brazil. Earth Planet Sci Lett 141:259–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marschall HR, Jiang S-Y (2011) Tourmaline isotopes: no element left behind. Elements 7:313–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marschall HR, Meyer C, Wunder B, Ludwig T, Heinrich W (2009) Experimental boron isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid: confirmation from in situ analyses by secondary ion mass spectrometry and from Rayleigh fractionation modelling. Contrib Mineral Petrol 158:675–681

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins-Neto MA (1996) Lacustrine fan-deltaic sedimentation in a Proterozoic rift basin: the Sopa-Brumadinho tectonosequence, southeastern Brazil. Sediment Geol 106:65–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins-Neto MA (2000) Tectonics and sedimentation in a Paleo/Mesoproterozoic rift-sag basin (Espinhaço basin, southeastern Brazil). Precambr Res 103:147–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald I, Vaughan DJ, Tredoux M (1995) Platinum mineralization in quartz veins near Naboomspruit, central Transvaal. S Afr J Geol 98:168–175

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald I, Ohnenstetter D, Rowe JP, Tredoux M, Pattrick RAD, Vaughan DJ (1999) Platinum precipitation in the Waterberg deposit, Naboomspruit, South Africa. S Afr J Geol 102:184–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer C, Wunder B, Meixner A, Romer RL, Heinrich W (2008) Boron-isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid: an experimental re-investigation. Contrib Mineral Petrol 156:259–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moraes LJ, Guimarães D (1931) The diamond-bearing region of northern Minas Geraes, Brazil. Econ Geol 26:502–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morteani G, Ackermand D, Horn AH (2001) Aluminium-phosphates and borosilicates in muscovite–kyanite metaquartzites near Diamantina (Minas Gerais, Brazil): petrogenetic implications. Per Mineral 70:111–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Mourão MAA, Dardenne MA (1996) A unidade fosfática do Supergrupo Espinhaço em Minas Gerais: um exemplo de implantação de sistema fosfogenético no Mesoproterozóico. XXXIX Congresso Brasileiro de Geolologia, Salvador, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, Anais 3:310–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto H, Massalski TB (1985) The Au–Pt (gold–platinum) system. Bull Alloy Phase Diagr 6:46–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pal DC, Trumbull RB, Wiedenbeck M (2010) Chemical and boron isotope compositions of tourmaline from the Jaduguda U (−Cu–Fe) deposit, Singhbhum shear zone, India: implications for the sources and evolution of mineralizing fluids. Chem Geol 277:245–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer MR, Slack JF (1989) Boron isotopic composition of tourmaline from massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 103:434–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petkov V, Wanjala BN, Loukrakpam R, Luo J, Yang L, Zhong C-J, Shastri S (2012) Pt−Au alloying at the nanoscale. Nano Lett 12:4289–4299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pflug R (1967) Die präkambrische Miogeosynklinale der Espinhaço-Kordillere, Minas Gerais, Brasilien. Geol Rundsch 56:825–844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pires FRM (1995) Textural and mineralogical variations during metamorphism of the Proterozoic Itabira iron formation in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil. An Acad Bras Ci 67:77–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapp JF, Klemme S, Butler IB, Harley SL (2010) Extremely high solubility of rutile in chloride and fluoride-bearing metamorphic fluids: an experimental investigation. Geology 38:323–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves RG (1966) Geology and mineral resources of the Monlevade and Rio Piracicaba quadrangles, Minas Gerais, Brazil. US Geol Surv Prof Paper 341-E

  • Rolim VK, Rosière CA, Santos JOS, McNaughton NJ (2016) The Orosirian–Statherian banded iron formation-bearing sequences of the southern border of the Espinhaço Range, Southeast Brazil. J S Am Earth Sci 65:43–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosset A, De Min A, Marques LS, Macambira MJB, Ernesto M, Renne PR, Piccirillo EM (2007) Genesis and geodynamic significance of Mesoproterozoic and Early Cretaceous tholeiitic dyke swarms from the São Francisco craton (Brazil). J S Am Earth Sci 24:69–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schöll WU, Turinsky F (1980) O espectro de minerais pesados nas sequências quartzíticas Pré-Cambrianas na parte sul da Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Münster Fortsch Geol Paläont 51:257–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon G, Kesler SE, Essene EJ (1997) Phase relations among selenides, sulfides, tellurides, and oxides: II. Applications to selenide-bearing ore deposits. Econ Geol 92:468–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simplicio F, Basilici G (2015) Unusual thick eolian sand sheet sedimentary succession: Paleoproterozoic Bandeirinha Formation, Minas Gerais. Braz J Geol 45(Suppl 1):3–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slack JF, Herriman N, Barnes RG, Plimer IR (1984) Stratiform tourmalinites in metamorphic terranes and their geologic significance. Geology 12:713–716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slack JF, Palmer MR, Stevens BPJ, Barnes RG (1993) Origin and significance of tourmaline-rich rocks in the Broken Hill district, Australia. Econ Geol 88:505–541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trumbull RB, Krienitz M-S, Grundmann G, Wiedenbeck M (2009) Tourmaline geochemistry and δ11B variations as a guide to fluid–rock interaction in the Habachtal emerald deposit, Tauern window, Austria. Contrib Mineral Petrol 157:411–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trumbull RB, Slack JF, Krienitz M-S, Belkin HE, Wiedenbeck M (2011) Fluid sources and metallogenesis in the blackbird Co–Cu–Au–Bi–Y–REE district, Idaho, U.S.A.: insights from major-element and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline. Can Mineral 49:225–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trumbull RB, Beurlen H, Wiedenbeck M, Soares DR (2013) The diversity of B-isotope variations in tourmaline from rare-element pegmatites in the Borborema Province of Brazil. Chem Geol 352:47–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hinsberg VJ, Henry DJ, Marschall HR (2011) Tourmaline: an ideal indication of its host environment. Can Mineral 49:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vial DS, Duarte BP, Fuzikawa K, Vieira MBH (2007) An epigenetic origin for the Passagem de Mariana gold deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ore Geol Rev 32:596–613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Eschwege WL (1832) Beiträge zur Gebirgskunde Brasiliens. G. Reimer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • von Humboldt A (1826) Ueber die Lagerung des Platins. Ann Phys 83:515–520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vymazalová A, Laufek F, Drábek M, Cabral AR, Haloda J, Sidorinová T, Lehmann B, Galbiatti HF, Drahokoupil J (2012) Jacutingaite, Pt2HgSe3, a new platinum-group mineral from the Cauê iron-ore deposit, Itabira district, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Can Mineral 50:431–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wollaston WH (1809) On platina and native palladium from Brasil. Phil Trans Roy Soc London 99:189–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood SA, Normand C (2008) Mobility of palladium chloride complexes in mafic rocks: insights from a flow-through experiment at 25 °C using air-saturated, acidic, and Cl-rich solutions. Miner Petrol 92:81–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wunder B, Meixner A, Romer RL, Wirth R, Heinrich W (2005) The geochemical cycle of boron: constraints from boron isotope partitioning experiments between mica and fluid. Lithos 84:206–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Francisco “Bem-te-vi” Robério de Abreu assisted us in the field, sharing his knowledge and ideas. Thoughtful reviews by John F. Slack and Ralf Halama greatly contributed to improve the manuscript and are sincerely appreciated. Andreas Möller is thanked for his expedite editorial handling. Lutz Nasdala is acknowledged for his final editorial corrections. ARC is grateful to VALE S.A. for financing his research position at the Technische Universität Clausthal.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lagerstätten und Rohstoffe, Technische Universität Clausthal, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2A, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany

    Alexandre Raphael Cabral & Bernd Lehmann

  2. Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften - Mineralogie und Petrologie, KIT - Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Campus Süd, Adenauerring 20b, Geb. 50.4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Alexandre Raphael Cabral & Armin Zeh

  3. Tektos-Geotectonic Research Group, Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua S. Francisco Xavier 524 s. A4016, Rio Janeiro-RJ, 20550-050, Brazil

    Miguel Tupinambá

  4. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Michael Wiedenbeck

  5. Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archäometrie, An-Institut der Universität Tübingen, D6, 3, 68159, Mannheim, Germany

    Michael Brauns

  6. Vale S.A., Departamento de Tecnologia Mineral, Rodovia BR 381, km 450, Santa Luzia-MG, 33040-900, Brazil

    Rogerio Kwitko-Ribeiro

Authors
  1. Alexandre Raphael Cabral
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Miguel Tupinambá
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Armin Zeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bernd Lehmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Michael Wiedenbeck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Michael Brauns
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Rogerio Kwitko-Ribeiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexandre Raphael Cabral.

Additional information

Editorial handling: A. Möller

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cabral, A.R., Tupinambá, M., Zeh, A. et al. Platiniferous gold–tourmaline aggregates in the gold–palladium belt of Minas Gerais, Brazil: implications for regional boron metasomatism. Miner Petrol 111, 807–819 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0496-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0496-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation