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Toxicity of extracellular proteins from Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum involved in grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback

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Abstract

Botryosphaeria dieback, esca and Eutypa dieback are three economic major grapevine trunk diseases that cause severe yield reduction in vineyards worldwide. The frequency of disease symptoms has increased considerably over the past decade, and no efficient treatment is currently available to control these diseases. The different fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases mainly induce necrotic wood and characteristic foliar symptoms. In this context, fungi virulence factors and host invasion are not well understood. We hypothesise that extracellular proteins produced by Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum, two causal agents associated with Botryosphaeria dieback, are virulence factors responsible for the pathogenicity. In our previous work, we demonstrated that the total extracellular compounds produced by N. parvum induced more necrosis on Chardonnay calli and triggered a different defence gene expression pattern than those produced by D. seriata. Furthermore, this aggressiveness was not clearly correlated with the production of mellein, a characteristic phytotoxin of Botryosphaeriaceae, in our in vitro calli model. To characterise other potential virulence factors and to understand the mechanisms of host invasion by the fungus, we evaluated the profile, quantity and the impact of extracellular proteins produced by these fungi on Vitis vinifera calli necrosis and defence gene expression. Our results reveal that, under the same conditions, N. parvum produces more extracellular proteins and in higher concentrations than D. seriata. With Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay cells, we showed that equivalent concentrations of proteins secreted by N. parvum were more aggressive than those of D. seriata in producing necrosis and that they clearly induced more grapevine defence genes.

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Abbreviations

RT-qPCR:

Reverse transcription-quantitative real time PCR

Pal :

Phaeoacremonium aleophilum

Pch :

Phaemoniella chlamydospora

Fme :

Fomitiporia mediterranea

GST1 :

Glutathion-S-transferase 1

SOD :

Superoxyde dismutase

AOS :

Allene oxyde synthase

LOX :

Lipo-oxygenase

F3H :

Flavonoid-3-hydroxylase

FMT :

Flavonoid-O-methyltransferase

PAL :

Phenylalanine amonia-lyase

STS1 :

Stilbene synthase 1

PR6 :

Pathogenesis related protein 6

GLU :

Glucanase

CHIT4c :

Chitinase 4c

PR10.1 :

Pathogenesis related protein 10.1

HSR :

Hypersensitive response 1

ACT :

Actine

EF1-Cs :

Elongation factor 1-Cabernet sauvignon

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Acknowledgments

This research was financed by CASDAR V1301 (Compte d’Affectation Spéciale au Développement Agricole et Rural), Alsace Region (France) and CIVA (Conseil Interprofessionnels des Vins d’Alsace).

Conflict of interest

All authors read and approved this manuscript and declare no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33, rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France

    M. Bénard-Gellon, S. Farine, E. Stempien, F. Pensec, H. Laloue, F. Mazet-Kieffer, J. Chong & C. Bertsch

  2. Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Université de Mulhouse, 3, rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse Cedex, France

    M. L. Goddard, M. Schmitt & C. Tarnus

  3. Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707 (URVVC), Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes (SDRP), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France

    F. Fontaine

  4. Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Domaine de Donadille, 30230, Rodilhan, France

    P. Larignon

Authors
  1. M. Bénard-Gellon
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  2. S. Farine
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  3. M. L. Goddard
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  4. M. Schmitt
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  5. E. Stempien
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  6. F. Pensec
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  7. H. Laloue
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  8. F. Mazet-Kieffer
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  9. F. Fontaine
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  10. P. Larignon
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  11. J. Chong
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  12. C. Tarnus
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  13. C. Bertsch
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to M. Bénard-Gellon or S. Farine.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Hanns H. Kassemeyer

*M. Bénard-Gellon and S. Farine contributed equally to this work.

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Bénard-Gellon, M., Farine, S., Goddard, M.L. et al. Toxicity of extracellular proteins from Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum involved in grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback. Protoplasma 252, 679–687 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-014-0716-y

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