Summary
We have previously reported that ingenol derivatives are highly potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in acutely infected cells. In this study, however, we have found that some ingenol derivatives strongly enhance the replication of HIV-1 in chronically infected cells at nanomolar concentrations. One of the derivatives could activate nuclear factor κB(NF-κB), a potent inducer of HIV-1 replication, through the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Whereas another derivative, which affected neither PKC nor NF-κB, significantly enhanced HIV-1 replication, suggesting that a PKC-independent mechanism may also exist in ingenol derivative-induced HIV-1 upregulation.
Similar content being viewed by others
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Received February 23, 1998 Accepted May 21, 1998
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fujiwara, M., Okamoto, M., Ijichi, K. et al. Upregulation of HIV-1 replication in chronically infected cells by ingenol derivatives. Arch. Virol. 143, 2003–2010 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s007050050436
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s007050050436