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An update on viral association of human cancers

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Abstract

Up to now, seven viruses that infect humans have been identified as oncogenic and are closely associated with different human cancers. Most of them encode oncogenes whose products play important roles in the development of cancers in the context of environmental and genetic factors; others may act via indirect mechanisms. The transforming activities of the human oncogenic viruses have much in common with the well-studied tumorigenic processes elicited by the acutely transforming murine retroviruses. Many of these mechanisms have been elucidated for or are represented in the successive steps leading to the efficient in vitro immortalization by the lymphotropic herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus, although the establishment of malignancy in vivo takes longer. The development of cancer is a complicated process involving multiple factors, from the host and the environment. Although any one of these etiologic factors may exert an effect on the carcinogenic process, vaccination against the viral pathogen in several cases has shown efficacy in preventing the spread of the virus and, in turn, the development of the associated cancers. Modern laboratory techniques can be expected to facilitate the identification of new emerging viruses whose association with malignancies is suggested by epidemiologic and clinical data.

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Acknowledgement

The work on anti-NPC biotherapy was supported by a research grant from Scientific and Technology Project of Dongguan City, China. IE is supported by the Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden) and the Swedish Childhood Cancer Society. The present MS was composed based on a presentation delivered to the annual meeting of Provincial Society of Preventive Medicine of Guangdong, China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathophysiology, and Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China

    Xiangning Zhang & Zhiwei He

  2. Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Gösta Winberg

  3. Department of Otolaryngology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China

    Zhe Zhang

  4. Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China

    Biying Zheng

  5. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ingemar Ernberg

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Correspondence to Xiangning Zhang or Gösta Winberg.

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Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Zheng, B. et al. An update on viral association of human cancers. Arch Virol 158, 1433–1443 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-013-1623-9

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