Skip to main content
Log in

Detection strategies of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Swedish Ixodes ricinus reveal evolutionary characteristics of emerging tick-borne flaviviruses

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary.

The flaviviral tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a human pathogen having significant impact on public health. The geographical distribution of TBEV and TBEV-like viruses is increasing, which makes it important to characterise the natural virus populations. Here we present four RT-PCR strategies designed for detection of broad types of tick-borne flaviviruses. Sequence information on more than 32% of a TBEV genome was generated from a small pool of ticks collected in the Stockholm archipelago on the island of Torö. The sequences were characterised and compared with those of other tick-borne flaviviruses, which classified the virus as Western European TBEV.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • DS Burke TP Monath (2001) Fields virology EditionNumber4 Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • TJ Chambers CS Hahn R Galler CM Rice (1990) ArticleTitleFlavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication Annu Rev Microbiol 44 649–688 10.1146/annurev.mi.44.100190.003245 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.mi.44.100190.003245 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXjs1KnsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle2174669

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Ecker SL Allison T Meixner FX Heinz (1999) ArticleTitleSequence analysis and genetic classification of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Europe and Asia J Gen Virol 80 IssueIDPt 1 179–185 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjs1Kitw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9934700

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GF Gao WR Jiang MH Hussain K Venugopal TS Gritsun HW Reid EA Gould (1993) ArticleTitleSequencing and antigenic studies of a Norwegian virus isolated from encephalomyelitic sheep confirm the existence of louping ill virus outside Great Britain and Ireland J Gen Virol 74 IssueIDPt 1 109–114 Occurrence Handle10.1099/0022-1317-74-1-109 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXht1ajtbs%3D Occurrence Handle8380831

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • I Golovljova S Vene KB Sjolander V Vasilenko A Plyusnin A Lundkvist (2004) ArticleTitleCharacterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Estonia J Med Virol 74 580–588 10.1002/jmv.20224 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jmv.20224 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVahs7bP Occurrence Handle15484275

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • EA Gould X de Lamballerie PM Zanotto EC Holmes (2001) ArticleTitleEvolution, epidemiology, and dispersal of flaviviruses revealed by molecular phylogenies Adv Virus Res 57 71–103 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0065-3527(01)57001-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotFOgtbY%3D Occurrence Handle11680389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TS Gritsun K Venugopal PM Zanotto MV Mikhailov AA Sall EC Holmes I Polkinghorne TV Frolova VV Pogodina VA Lashkevich EA Gould (1997) ArticleTitleComplete sequence of two tick-borne flaviviruses isolated from Siberia and the UK: analysis and significance of the 5′ and 3′ UTRs Virus Res 49 27–39 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)01451-2 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1702(97)01451-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvVWgt7s%3D Occurrence Handle9178494

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TS Gritsun VA Lashkevich EA Gould (2003) ArticleTitleTick-borne encephalitis Antiviral Res 57 129–146 10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00206-1 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00206-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhs1Cmsrc%3D Occurrence Handle12615309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Haglund S Vene M Forsgren G Gunther B Johansson M Niedrig A Plyusnin L Lindquist A Lundkvist (2003) ArticleTitleCharacterisation of human tick-borne encephalitis virus from Sweden J Med Virol 71 610–621 10.1002/jmv.10497 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jmv.10497 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptlCms7s%3D Occurrence Handle14556277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • X Han M Aho S Vene M Peltomaa A Vaheri O Vapalahti (2001) ArticleTitlePrevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Finland J Med Virol 64 21–28 10.1002/jmv.1012 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jmv.1012 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtVSgur0%3D Occurrence Handle11285564

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • X Han A Juceviciene NY Uzcategui H Brummer-Korvenkontio M Zygutiene A Jaaskelainen P Leinikki O Vapalahti (2005) ArticleTitleMolecular epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Lithuania J Med Virol 77 249–256 10.1002/jmv.20444 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jmv.20444 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVOiur7J Occurrence Handle16121364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Hayasaka L Ivanov GN Leonova A Goto K Yoshii T Mizutani H Kariwa I Takashima (2001) ArticleTitleDistribution and characterization of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Siberia and far-eastern Asia J Gen Virol 82 1319–1328 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkt1Chsb0%3D Occurrence Handle11369875

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FX Heinz CW Mandl (1993) ArticleTitleThe molecular biology of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Review article Apmis 101 735–745 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1699-0463.1993.tb00174.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXktVWqu7k%3D Occurrence Handle8267950

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AA Khromykh H Meka KJ Guyatt EG Westaway (2001) ArticleTitleEssential role of cyclization sequences in flavivirus RNA replication J Virol 75 6719–6728 10.1128/JVI.75.14.6719-6728.2001 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JVI.75.14.6719-6728.2001 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkvFSitbY%3D Occurrence Handle11413342

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BD Lindenbach CM Rice (2001) Fields virology EditionNumber4 Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • K Lundkvist S Vene I Golovljova V Mavtchoutko M Forsgren V Kalnina A Plyusnin (2001) ArticleTitleCharacterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Latvia: evidence for co-circulation of three distinct subtypes J Med Virol 65 730–735 10.1002/jmv.2097 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jmv.2097 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mnps1yhuw%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CW Mandl FX Heinz E Stockl C Kunz (1989) ArticleTitleGenome sequence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (Western subtype) and comparative analysis of nonstructural proteins with other flaviviruses Virology 173 291–301 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90246-8 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0042-6822(89)90246-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXhtFejt74%3D Occurrence Handle2554575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CW Mandl H Holzmann T Meixner S Rauscher PF Stadler SL Allison FX Heinz (1998) ArticleTitleSpontaneous and engineered deletions in the 3′ noncoding region of tick-borne encephalitis virus: construction of highly attenuated mutants of a flavivirus J Virol 72 2132–2140 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhtFeiurg%3D Occurrence Handle9499069

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CW Mandl (2005) ArticleTitleSteps of the tick-borne encephalitis virus replication cycle that affect neuropathogenesis Virus Res 111 161–174 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.007 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.007 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlvVWgtrs%3D Occurrence Handle15871909

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • V Mavtchoutko S Vene M Haglund M Forsgren A Duks V Kalnina J Horling A Lundkvist (2000) ArticleTitleCharacterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Latvia J Med Virol 60 216–222 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(200002)60:2<216::AID-JMV18>3.0.CO;2-Z Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(200002)60:2<216::AID-JMV18>3.0.CO;2-Z Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Fmt12gsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10596024

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K McGuire EC Holmes GF Gao HW Reid EA Gould (1998) ArticleTitleTracing the origins of louping ill virus by molecular phylogenetic analysis J Gen Virol 79 IssueIDPt 5 981–988 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXivFOlt78%3D Occurrence Handle9603312

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SE Randolph DJ Rogers (2000) ArticleTitleFragile transmission cycles of tick-borne encephalitis virus may be disrupted by predicted climate change Proc Biol Sci 267 1741–1744 10.1098/rspb.2000.1204 Occurrence Handle10.1098/rspb.2000.1204 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38vnt1Shtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle12233771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swofford DL (2000) Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony and other methods. Sunderland, MA, USA

  • JD Thompson TJ Gibson F Plewniak F Jeanmougin DG Higgins (1997) ArticleTitleThe CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools Nucleic Acids Res 25 4876–4882 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/25.24.4876 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntFyntQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9396791

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G Wallner CW Mandl C Kunz FX Heinz (1995) ArticleTitleThe flavivirus 3′ noncoding region: extensive size heterogeneity independent of evolutionary relationships among strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus Virology 213 169–178 10.1006/viro.1995.1557 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.1995.1557 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovVaqtr0%3D Occurrence Handle7483260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Melik, W., Nilsson, A. & Johansson, M. Detection strategies of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Swedish Ixodes ricinus reveal evolutionary characteristics of emerging tick-borne flaviviruses. Arch Virol 152, 1027–1034 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-006-0922-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-006-0922-9

Keywords

Navigation