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Ultrasensitive determination for flavin coenzyme by using a ZnO nanorod photoelectrode in a four-electrode system

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Abstract

A photoelectrochemical sensor for FAD and FMN was fabricated by incorporating the reduced flavin cofactor as an electron donor into a photoelectrochemical reaction in a ZnO nanorod photoelectrode (ZnO-NR-PhE). The assay is based on the pre-reduction of the flavin coenzyme on a second working electrode. The ZnO-NR-PhE was electrochemically preparated, and synthesis was optimized. The mechanism of the reaction of flavin coenzyme on the ZnO-NR-PhE was studied. Under optimized conditions (a pH value of 6.5; a pre-reduction potential of −0.40 V; illumination at 365 nm; a light energy of 1.6 mW∙cm−2), the photocurrent at a bias voltage of 0.1 V is proportional to the logarithm of the coenzyme concentration in the range from 10 nmol⋅L−1 to 1.0 μmol⋅L−1. The detection sensitivity is 193.5 nA/logC (μmol⋅L−1) for FMN, and 195.6 nA/logC (μmol⋅L−1) for FAD. The respective detection limits are 8.0 and 5.0 nmol⋅L−1 (at an S/N ratio of 3), respectively. Compared to other methods, the one presented here has a wide analytical range, high sensitivity, and convenient operation. Common biochemical substances do not interfere.

Schematic of a photoelectrochemical sensor for FAD and FMN that was was fabricated by incorporating the reduced flavin cofactor as an electron donor into a photoelectrochemical reaction in a ZnO nanorod photoelectrode.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 21475072) and by the Open-end Fund of Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education (No. SATM201503).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, China

    Changzhi Zhao, Licheng Liu, Junying Ge & Yanyan He

  2. Institute of Applied Chemistry & Biological Engineering, Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou, 262500, China

    Junying Ge

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  1. Changzhi Zhao
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  2. Licheng Liu
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Correspondence to Changzhi Zhao.

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Zhao, C., Liu, L., Ge, J. et al. Ultrasensitive determination for flavin coenzyme by using a ZnO nanorod photoelectrode in a four-electrode system. Microchim Acta 184, 2333–2339 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2230-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2230-3

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