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Nanostructured polypyrrole for automated and electrochemically controlled in-tube solid-phase microextraction of cationic nitrogen compounds

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Abstract

The authors describe an efficient method for microextraction and preconcentration of trace quantities of cationic nitrogen compounds, specifically of anilines. It relies on a combination of electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction and on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using polypyrrole-coated capillaries. Nanostructured polypyrrole was electrically deposited on the inner surface of a stainless steel tube and used as the extraction phase. It also acts as a polypyrrole electrode that was used as a cation exchanger, and a platinum electrode that was used as the anode. The solution to be extracted is passed over the inner surface of the polypyrrole electrode, upon which cations are extracted by applying a negative potential under flow conditions. This method represents an ideal technique for SPME of protonated anilines because it is fast, easily automated, solvent-free, and inexpensive. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection are in the 0.10–0.30 μg L‾1 range. The method works in the 0.10 to 300 μg L‾1 concentration range. The inter- and intra-assay precisions (RSD%; for n = 3) range from 5.1 to 7.5 % and from 4.7 to 6.0 % at the concentration levels of 2, 10 and 20 μg L‾1, respectively. The EC-in-tube SPME method was successfully applied to the analysis of methyl-, 4-chloro-, 3-chloro and 3,4-dichloroanilines in (spiked) water samples.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Tarbiat Modares University

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Asiabi, Yadollah Yamini & Fatemeh Rezaei

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Shahram Seidi

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  1. Hamid Asiabi
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  2. Yadollah Yamini
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Correspondence to Yadollah Yamini.

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Asiabi, H., Yamini, Y., Rezaei, F. et al. Nanostructured polypyrrole for automated and electrochemically controlled in-tube solid-phase microextraction of cationic nitrogen compounds. Microchim Acta 182, 1941–1948 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1534-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1534-4

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