Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Liver transplantation for hepatobiliary malignancies: a new era of “Transplant Oncology” has begun

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Surgery Today Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The indications of liver transplantation for hepatobiliary malignancies have been carefully expanded in a stepwise fashion, despite the fundamental limitations in oncological, immunological, and technical aspects. A new era of “Transplant Oncology,” the fusion of transplant surgery and surgical oncology, has begun, and we stand at the dawn of a paradigm shift in multidisciplinary cancer treatment. For hepatocellular carcinoma, new strategies have been undertaken to select recipients based on biological and dynamic markers instead of conventional morphological and static parameters, opening the doors for a more deliberate expansion of the Milan criteria and locoregional therapies before liver transplantation. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma developed by the Mayo Clinic provided excellent outcomes in a US multicenter study; however, the surgical indications are not necessarily universal and await international validation. Similarly, an aggressive multidisciplinary approach has been applied for other tumors, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, liver metastases from colorectal and neuroendocrine primary and gastrointestinal stromal tumors as well as rare tumors, such as hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma and infantile choriocarcinoma. In conclusion, liver transplantation is an important option for hepatobiliary malignancies; however, prospective studies are urgently needed to ensure the appropriate patient selection, organ allocation and living donation policies, and administration of antineoplastic immunosuppression.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, Andreola S, Pulvirenti A, Bozzetti F, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:693–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hibi T, Shinoda M, Itano O, Kitagawa Y. Current status of the organ replacement approach for malignancies and an overture for organ bioengineering and regenerative medicine. Organogenesis. 2014;10:241–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Clavien PA, Lesurtel M, Bossuyt PM, Gores GJ, Langer B, Perrier A, et al. Recommendations for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an international consensus conference report. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:e11–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cronin DC 2nd, Millis JM, Siegler M. Transplantation of liver grafts from living donors into adults–too much, too soon. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1633–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rodriguez-Peralvarez M, Tsochatzis E, Naveas MC, Pieri G, Garcia-Caparros C, O’Beirne J, et al. Reduced exposure to calcineurin inhibitors early after liver transplantation prevents recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2013;59:1193–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Liang W, Wang D, Ling X, Kao AA, Kong Y, Shang Y, et al. Sirolimus-based immunosuppression in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Liver Transpl. 2012;18:62–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Menon KV, Hakeem AR, Heaton ND. Meta-analysis: recurrence and survival following the use of sirolimus in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37:411–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cholongitas E, Mamou C, Rodriguez-Castro KI, Burra P. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are associated with lower rates of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation: a systematic review. Transpl Int. 2014;27:1039–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hibi T, Nishida S, Levi DM, Selvaggi G, Tekin A, Fan J, et al. When and why portal vein thrombosis matters in liver transplantation: a critical audit of 174 cases. Ann Surg. 2014;259:760–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hibi T, Nishida S, Levi DM, Sugiyama D, Fukazawa K, Tekin A, et al. Long-term deleterious effects of aortohepatic conduits in primary liver transplantation: proceed with caution. Liver Transpl. 2013;19:916–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Duvoux C, Roudot-Thoraval F, Decaens T, Pessione F, Badran H, Piardi T, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a model including alpha-fetoprotein improves the performance of Milan criteria. Gastroenterology. 2012;143:986–94 (e3; quiz e14-5).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Herrero JI, Sangro B, Pardo F, Quiroga J, Inarrairaegui M, Rotellar F, et al. Liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma across Milan criteria. Liver Transpl. 2008;14:272–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ito T, Takada Y, Ueda M, Haga H, Maetani Y, Oike F, et al. Expansion of selection criteria for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2007;13:1637–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lee SG, Hwang S, Moon DB, Ahn CS, Kim KH, Sung KB, et al. Expanded indication criteria of living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma at one large-volume center. Liver Transpl. 2008;14:935–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mazzaferro V, Llovet JM, Miceli R, Bhoori S, Schiavo M, Mariani L, et al. Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria: a retrospective, exploratory analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:35–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Shindoh J, Sugawara Y, Nagata R, Kaneko J, Tamura S, Aoki T, et al. Evaluation methods for pretransplant oncologic markers and their prognostic impacts in patient undergoing living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Transpl Int. 2014;27:391–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Silva M, Moya A, Berenguer M, Sanjuan F, Lopez-Andujar R, Pareja E, et al. Expanded criteria for liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2008;14:1449–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Soejima Y, Taketomi A, Yoshizumi T, Uchiyama H, Aishima S, Terashi T, et al. Extended indication for living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplantation. 2007;83:893–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sugawara Y, Tamura S, Makuuchi M. Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Tokyo University series. Dig Dis. 2007;25:310–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Takada Y, Ito T, Ueda M, Sakamoto S, Haga H, Maetani Y, et al. Living donor liver transplantation for patients with HCC exceeding the Milan criteria: a proposal of expanded criteria. Dig Dis. 2007;25:299–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Toso C, Meeberg G, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Dufour JF, Marotta P, Majno P, et al. Total tumor volume and alpha-fetoprotein for selection of transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective validation. Hepatology. 2015;62:158–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Xu X, Lu D, Ling Q, Wei X, Wu J, Zhou L, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria. Gut. 2015. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308513.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yang SH, Suh KS, Lee HW, Cho EH, Cho JY, Cho YB, et al. A revised scoring system utilizing serum alphafetoprotein levels to expand candidates for living donor transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery. 2007;141:598–609.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Yao FY, Xiao L, Bass NM, Kerlan R, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: validation of the UCSF-expanded criteria based on preoperative imaging. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:2587–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Bhoori S, Mazzaferro V. Current challenges in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;28:867–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lai Q, Lerut JP. Hepatocellular cancer: how to expand safely inclusion criteria for liver transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2014;19:229–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Mehta N, Yao FY. Moving past “One size (and number) fits all” in the selection of candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2013;19:1055–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Merani S, Majno P, Kneteman NM, Berney T, Morel P, Mentha G, et al. The impact of waiting list alpha-fetoprotein changes on the outcome of liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2011;55:814–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Dumitra TC, Dumitra S, Metrakos PP, Barkun JS, Chaudhury P, Deschenes M, et al. Pretransplantation alpha-fetoprotein slope and milan criteria: strong predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after transplantation. Transplantation. 2013;95:228–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lai Q, Avolio AW, Graziadei I, Otto G, Rossi M, Tisone G, et al. Alpha-fetoprotein and modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors progression after locoregional therapy as predictors of hepatocellular cancer recurrence and death after transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2013;19:1108–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Vibert E, Azoulay D, Hoti E, Iacopinelli S, Samuel D, Salloum C, et al. Progression of alphafetoprotein before liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: a critical factor. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:129–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kaido T, Ogawa K, Mori A, Fujimoto Y, Ito T, Tomiyama K, et al. Usefulness of the Kyoto criteria as expanded selection criteria for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery. 2013;154:1053–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Taketomi A, Sanefuji K, Soejima Y, Yoshizumi T, Uhciyama H, Ikegami T, et al. Impact of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and tumor size on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after living donor liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2009;87:531–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Todo S, Furukawa H, Tada M. Japanese Liver Transplantation Study G. Extending indication: role of living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2007;13:S48–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hammad A, Kaido T, Ogawa K, Fujimoto Y, Uemura T, Mori A, et al. Liver transplantation for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Child-Pugh A and B. Surg Today. 2016;46:248–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Agopian VG, Harlander-Locke M, Zarrinpar A, Kaldas FM, Farmer DG, Yersiz H, et al. A novel prognostic nomogram accurately predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation: analysis of 865 consecutive liver transplant recipients. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220:416–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Bertuzzo VR, Cescon M, Ravaioli M, Grazi GL, Ercolani G, Del Gaudio M, et al. Analysis of factors affecting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation with a special focus on inflammation markers. Transplantation. 2011;91:1279–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Halazun KJ, Hardy MA, Rana AA, Woodland DC, Luyten EJ, Mahadev S, et al. Negative impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2009;250:141–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Limaye AR, Clark V, Soldevila-Pico C, Morelli G, Suman A, Firpi R, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts overall and recurrence-free survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2013;43:757–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Motomura T, Shirabe K, Mano Y, Muto J, Toshima T, Umemoto Y, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio reflects hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation via inflammatory microenvironment. J Hepatol. 2013;58:58–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Na GH, Kim DG, Han JH, Kim EY, Lee SH, Hong TH, et al. Inflammatory markers as selection criteria of hepatocellular carcinoma in living-donor liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:6594–601.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Nagai S, Abouljoud MS, Kazimi M, Brown KA, Moonka D, Yoshida A. Peritransplant lymphopenia is a novel prognostic factor in recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2014;97:694–701.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. An HJ, Jang JW, Bae SH, Choi JY, Yoon SK, Lee MA, et al. Serum C-reactive protein is a useful biomarker for predicting outcomes after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2012;18:1406–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zheng Z, Zhou L, Gao S, Yang Z, Yao J, Zheng S. Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Med Sci. 2013;10:653–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Pinato DJ, Stebbing J, Ishizuka M, Khan SA, Wasan HS, North BV, et al. A novel and validated prognostic index in hepatocellular carcinoma: the inflammation based index (IBI). J Hepatol. 2012;57:1013–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Lai Q. Castro Santa E, Rico Juri JM, Pinheiro RS, Lerut J. Neutrophil and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as new predictors of dropout and recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer. Transpl Int. 2014;27:32–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Parisi I, Tsochatzis E, Wijewantha H, Rodriguez-Peralvarez M, De Luca L, Manousou P, et al. Inflammation-based scores do not predict post-transplant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients within Milan criteria. Liver Transpl. 2014;20:1327–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Sullivan KM, Groeschl RT, Turaga KK, Tsai S, Christians KK, White SB, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a Western perspective. J Surg Oncol. 2014;109:95–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. European Association For The Study Of The. L, European Organisation For R, Treatment Of C. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012;56:908–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Kim DJ, Clark PJ, Heimbach J, Rosen C, Sanchez W, Watt K, et al. Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: importance of mRECIST response to chemoembolization and tumor size. Am J Transplant. 2014;14:1383–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Otto G, Schuchmann M, Hoppe-Lotichius M, Heise M, Weinmann A, Hansen T, et al. How to decide about liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: size and number of lesions or response to TACE? J Hepatol. 2013;59:279–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Agopian VG, Morshedi MM, McWilliams J, Harlander-Locke MP, Markovic D, Zarrinpar A, et al. Complete pathologic response to pretransplant locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma defines cancer cure after liver transplantation: analysis of 501 consecutively treated patients. Ann Surg. 2015;262:536–45 (discussion 543–5).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kornberg A, Freesmeyer M, Barthel E, Jandt K, Katenkamp K, Steenbeck J, et al. 18F-FDG-uptake of hepatocellular carcinoma on PET predicts microvascular tumor invasion in liver transplant patients. Am J Transplant. 2009;9:592–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lee S, Ahn C, Ha T, Moon D, Choi K, Song G, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Korean experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010;17:539–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Lee SD, Kim SH, Kim YK, Kim C, Kim SK, Han SS, et al. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT predicts early tumor recurrence in living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Transpl Int. 2013;26:50–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Lee KW, Yi NJ, Suh KS. Section 5. Further expanding the criteria for HCC in living donor liver transplantation: when not to transplant: SNUH experience. Transplantation. 2014;97(Suppl 8):S20–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Barakat O, Wood RP, Ozaki CF, Ankoma-Sey V, Galati J, Skolkin M, et al. Morphological features of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma as a predictor of downstaging and liver transplantation: an intention-to-treat analysis. Liver Transpl. 2010;16:289–99.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Bargellini I, Vignali C, Cioni R, Petruzzi P, Cicorelli A, Campani D, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: CT for tumor response after transarterial chemoembolization in patients exceeding Milan criteria–selection parameter for liver transplantation. Radiology. 2010;255:289–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Bova V, Miraglia R, Maruzzelli L, Vizzini GB, Luca A. Predictive factors of downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria treated with intra-arterial therapies. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013;36:433–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ciccarelli O, Lai Q, Goffette P, Finet P, De Reyck C, Roggen F, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer: UCL experience in 137 adult cirrhotic patients. Alpha-foetoprotein level and locoregional treatment as refined selection criteria. Transpl Int. 2012;25:867–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Cucchetti A, Cescon M, Bigonzi E, Piscaglia F, Golfieri R, Ercolani G, et al. Priority of candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation can be reduced after successful bridge therapy. Liver Transpl. 2011;17:1344–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. De Giorgio M, Vezzoli S, Cohen E, Armellini E, Luca MG, Verga G, et al. Prediction of progression-free survival in patients presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria. Liver Transpl. 2010;16:503–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. DuBay DA, Sandroussi C, Kachura JR, Ho CS, Beecroft JR, Vollmer CM, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma as a bridge to liver transplantation. HPB (Oxford). 2011;13:24–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Jang JW, You CR, Kim CW, Bae SH, Yoon SK, Yoo YK, et al. Benefit of downsizing hepatocellular carcinoma in a liver transplant population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31:415–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Lei J, Wang W, Yan L. Downstaging advanced hepatocellular carcinoma to the Milan criteria may provide a comparable outcome to conventional Milan criteria. J Gastrointest Surg. 2013;17:1440–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Tsochatzis E, Garcovich M, Marelli L, Papastergiou V, Fatourou E, Rodriguez-Peralvarez ML, et al. Transarterial embolization as neo-adjuvant therapy pretransplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2013;33:944–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Vitale A, D’Amico F, Frigo AC, Grigoletto F, Brolese A, Zanus G, et al. Response to therapy as a criterion for awarding priority to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:2290–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Yao FY, Mehta N, Flemming J, Dodge J, Hameed B, Fix O, et al. Downstaging of hepatocellular cancer before liver transplant: long-term outcome compared to tumors within Milan criteria. Hepatology. 2015;61:1968–77.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Green TJ, Rochon PJ, Chang S, Ray CE Jr, Winston H, Ruef R, et al. Downstaging disease in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma outside of Milan criteria: strategies using drug-eluting bead chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24:1613–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Tohme S, Sukato D, Chen HW, Amesur N, Zajko AB, Humar A, et al. Yttrium-90 radioembolization as a bridge to liver transplantation: a single-institution experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24:1632–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Lewandowski RJ, Kulik LM, Riaz A, Senthilnathan S, Mulcahy MF, Ryu RK, et al. A comparative analysis of transarterial downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization versus radioembolization. Am J Transplant. 2009;9:1920–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Toso C, Mentha G, Kneteman NM, Majno P. The place of downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2010;52:930–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Gordon-Weeks AN, Snaith A, Petrinic T, Friend PJ, Burls A, Silva MA. Systematic review of outcome of downstaging hepatocellular cancer before liver transplantation in patients outside the Milan criteria. Br J Surg. 2011;98:1201–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Yao FY, Breitenstein S, Broelsch CE, Dufour JF, Sherman M. Does a patient qualify for liver transplantation after the down-staging of hepatocellular carcinoma? Liver Transpl. 2011;17(Suppl 2):S109–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Cescon M, Cucchetti A, Ravaioli M, Pinna AD. Hepatocellular carcinoma locoregional therapies for patients in the waiting list. Impact on transplantability and recurrence rate. J Hepatol. 2013;58:609–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Akoad ME, Pomfret EA. Surgical resection and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis. 2015;19:381–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Kaido T, Morita S, Tanaka S, Ogawa K, Mori A, Hatano E, et al. Long-term outcomes of hepatic resection versus living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score-matching study. Dis Markers. 2015;2015:425926.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Lei JY, Yan LN, Wang WT. Transplantation vs resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with compensated liver function after downstaging therapy. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:4400–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Vitale A, Cucchetti A, Qiao GL, Cescon M, Li J, Ramirez Morales R, et al. Is resectable hepatocellular carcinoma a contraindication to liver transplantation? A novel decision model based on “number of patients needed to transplant” as measure of transplant benefit. J Hepatol. 2014;60:1165–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Vitale A, Huo TL, Cucchetti A, Lee YH, Volk M, Frigo AC, et al. Survival Benefit of Liver Transplantation Versus Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: impact of MELD Score. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22:1901–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Proneth A, Zeman F, Schlitt HJ, Schnitzbauer AA. Is resection or transplantation the ideal treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis if both are possible? A systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21:3096–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Ho CM, Lee PH, Chen CL, Ho MC, Wu YM, Hu RH. Long-term outcomes after resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma within UCSF criteria. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19:826–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Koniaris LG, Levi DM, Pedroso FE, Franceschi D, Tzakis AG, Santamaria-Barria JA, et al. Is surgical resection superior to transplantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma? Ann Surg. 2011;254:527–37 (discussion 537–8).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Sapisochin G, Castells L, Dopazo C, Bilbao I, Minguez B, Lazaro JL, et al. Single HCC in cirrhotic patients: liver resection or liver transplantation? Long-term outcome according to an intention-to-treat basis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20:1194–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Soyama A, Eguchi S. The current status and future perspectives of organ donation in Japan: learning from the systems in other countries. Surg Today. 2016;46:387–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Kulik L, Abecassis M. Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:S277–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Deuffic-Burban S, Mathurin P, Rosa I, Bouvier AM, Cannesson A, Mourad A, et al. Impact of emerging hepatitis C virus treatments on future needs for liver transplantation in France: a modelling approach. Dig Liver Dis. 2014;46:157–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Deuffic-Burban S, Deltenre P, Buti M, Stroffolini T, Parkes J, Muhlberger N, et al. Predicted effects of treatment for HCV infection vary among European countries. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(974–85):e14.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Pawlotsky JM. New hepatitis C therapies: the toolbox, strategies, and challenges. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:1176–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Welzel TM, Dultz G, Zeuzem S. Interferon-free antiviral combination therapies without nucleosidic polymerase inhibitors. J Hepatol. 2014;61:S98–107.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Becker NS, Rodriguez JA, Barshes NR, O’Mahony CA, Goss JA, Aloia TA. Outcomes analysis for 280 patients with cholangiocarcinoma treated with liver transplantation over an 18-year period. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12:117–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Casavilla FA, Marsh JW, Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Lee RG, Madariaga JR, et al. Hepatic resection and transplantation for peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg. 1997;185:429–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Meyer CG, Penn I, James L. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: results in 207 patients. Transplantation. 2000;69:1633–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Robles R, Figueras J, Turrion VS, Margarit C, Moya A, Varo E, et al. Spanish experience in liver transplantation for hilar and peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2004;239:265–71.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Shimoda M, Farmer DG, Colquhoun SD, Rosove M, Ghobrial RM, Yersiz H, et al. Liver transplantation for cholangiocellular carcinoma: analysis of a single-center experience and review of the literature. Liver Transpl. 2001;7:1023–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Hong JC, Jones CM, Duffy JP, Petrowsky H, Farmer DG, French S, et al. Comparative analysis of resection and liver transplantation for intrahepatic and hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a 24-year experience in a single center. Arch Surg. 2011;146:683–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Hong JC, Petrowsky H, Kaldas FM, Farmer DG, Durazo FA, Finn RS, et al. Predictive index for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for locally advanced intrahepatic and hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212:514–20 (discussion 520–1).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Sapisochin G, Rodriguez de Lope C, Gastaca M, Ortiz de Urbina J, Suarez MA, Santoyo J, et al. “Very early” intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhotic patients: should liver transplantation be reconsidered in these patients? Am J Transplant. 2014;14:660–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Bridgewater J, Galle PR, Khan SA, Llovet JM, Park JW, Patel T, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol. 2014;60:1268–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Chan AC, Lo CM, Ng IO, Fan ST. Liver transplantation for combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma. Asian J Surg. 2007;30:143–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Maganty K, Levi D, Moon J, Bejarano PA, Arosemena L, Tzakis A, et al. Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: outcome after liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:3597–601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Panjala C, Senecal DL, Bridges MD, Kim GP, Nakhleh RE, Nguyen JH, et al. The diagnostic conundrum and liver transplantation outcome for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:1263–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Sapisochin G, Fidelman N, Roberts JP, Yao FY. Mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients undergoing transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2011;17:934–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Groeschl RT, Turaga KK, Gamblin TC. Transplantation versus resection for patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2013;107:608–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Sapisochin G, de Lope CR, Gastaca M, de Urbina JO, Lopez-Andujar R, Palacios F, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in patients undergoing liver transplantation: a Spanish matched cohort multicenter study. Ann Surg. 2014;259:944–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Mehrabi A, Kashfi A, Fonouni H, Schemmer P, Schmied BM, Hallscheidt P, et al. Primary malignant hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a comprehensive review of the literature with emphasis on the surgical therapy. Cancer. 2006;107:2108–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Lerut JP, Orlando G, Adam R, Schiavo M, Klempnauer J, Mirza D, et al. The place of liver transplantation in the treatment of hepatic epitheloid hemangioendothelioma: report of the European liver transplant registry. Ann Surg. 2007;246:949–57 (discussion 957).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Rodriguez JA, Becker NS, O’Mahony CA, Goss JA, Aloia TA. Long-term outcomes following liver transplantation for hepatic hemangioendothelioma: the UNOS experience from 1987 to 2005. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12:110–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Grotz TE, Nagorney D, Donohue J, Que F, Kendrick M, Farnell M, et al. Hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma: is transplantation the only treatment option? HPB (Oxford). 2010;12:546–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Emamaullee JA, Edgar R, Toso C, Thiesen A, Bain V, Bigam D, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: implications for treatment and surgical management. Liver Transpl. 2010;16:191–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Guiteau JJ, Cotton RT, Karpen SJ, O’Mahony CA, Goss JA. Pediatric liver transplantation for primary malignant liver tumors with a focus on hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: the UNOS experience. Pediatr Transplant. 2010;14:326–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Austin MT, Leys CM, Feurer ID, Lovvorn HN 3rd, O’Neill JA Jr, Pinson CW, et al. Liver transplantation for childhood hepatic malignancy: a review of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41:182–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Faraj W, Dar F, Marangoni G, Bartlett A, Melendez HV, Hadzic D, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma. Liver Transpl. 2008;14:1614–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Cruz RJ Jr, Ranganathan S, Mazariegos G, Soltys K, Nayyar N, Sun Q, et al. Analysis of national and single-center incidence and survival after liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma: new trends and future opportunities. Surgery. 2013;153:150–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Browne M, Sher D, Grant D, Deluca E, Alonso E, Whitington PF, et al. Survival after liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma: a 2-center experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:1973–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Otte JB, Pritchard J, Aronson DC, Brown J, Czauderna P, Maibach R, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma: results from the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) study SIOPEL-1 and review of the world experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2004;42:74–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Tajiri T, Kimura O, Fumino S, Furukawa T, Iehara T, Souzaki R, et al. Surgical strategies for unresectable hepatoblastomas. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47:2194–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Brown J, Perilongo G, Shafford E, Keeling J, Pritchard J, Brock P, et al. Pretreatment prognostic factors for children with hepatoblastoma—results from the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) study SIOPEL 1. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36:1418–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Mavros MN, Mayo SC, Hyder O, Pawlik TM. A systematic review: treatment and prognosis of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215:820–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Fouzas I, Sotiropoulos GC, Molmenti EP, Beckebaum S, Schmitz KJ, Broelsch CE, et al. “Preemptive” live donor liver transplantation for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2008;40:3806–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Slater K, Bak TE, Kam I, Wachs ME. Living donor liver transplant for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma using a deceased donor graft to reconstruct inferior vena cava. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:555–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Husted TL, Neff G, Thomas MJ, Gross TG, Woodle ES, Buell JF. Liver transplantation for primary or metastatic sarcoma to the liver. Am J Transplant. 2006;6:392–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Orlando G, Adam R, Mirza D, Soderdahl G, Porte RJ, Paul A, et al. Hepatic hemangiosarcoma: an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation—the European Liver Transplant Registry experience. Transplantation. 2013;95:872–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Forbes A, Portmann B, Johnson P, Williams R. Hepatic sarcomas in adults: a review of 25 cases. Gut. 1987;28:668–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  125. Garcez-Silva MH, Gonzalez AM, Moura RA, Linhares MM, Lanzoni VP, Trivino T. Carcinosarcoma of the liver: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2006;38:1918–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Penn I. Hepatic transplantation for primary and metastatic cancers of the liver. Surgery. 1991;110:726–34 (discussion 734–5).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Walther A, Geller J, Coots A, Towbin A, Nathan J, Alonso M, et al. Multimodal therapy including liver transplantation for hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. Liver Transpl. 2014;20:191–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Chen LE, Shepherd RW, Nadler ML, Chapman WC, Kotru A, Lowell JA. Liver transplantation and chemotherapy in children with unresectable primary hepatic malignancies: development of a management algorithm. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;43:487–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Okajima H, Ohya Y, Lee KJ, Yamamoto H, Asonuma K, Nagaoki Y, et al. Management of undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver including living donor liver transplantation as a backup procedure. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44:e33–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Cameron AM, Truty J, Truell J, Lassman C, Zimmerman MA, Kelly BS Jr, et al. Fulminant hepatic failure from primary hepatic lymphoma: successful treatment with orthotopic liver transplantation and chemotherapy. Transplantation. 2005;80:993–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Hanson D, Walter AW, Dunn S, Rittenhouse DW, Griffin G. Infantile choriocarcinoma in a neonate with massive liver involvement cured with chemotherapy and liver transplant. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011;33:e258–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. De Vreede I, Steers JL, Burch PA, Rosen CB, Gunderson LL, Haddock MG, et al. Prolonged disease-free survival after orthotopic liver transplantation plus adjuvant chemoirradiation for cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2000;6:309–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Sudan D, DeRoover A, Chinnakotla S, Fox I, Shaw B Jr, McCashland T, et al. Radiochemotherapy and transplantation allow long-term survival for nonresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Transplant. 2002;2:774–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Rea DJ, Heimbach JK, Rosen CB, Haddock MG, Alberts SR, Kremers WK, et al. Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is more effective than resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2005;242:451–8 (discussion 458–61).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  135. Darwish Murad S, Kim WR, Therneau T, Gores GJ, Rosen CB, Martenson JA, et al. Predictors of pretransplant dropout and posttransplant recurrence in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2012;56:972–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Darwish Murad S, Heimbach JK, Gores GJ, Rosen CB, Benson JT, Kim WR. Excellent quality of life after liver transplantation for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who have undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Liver Transpl. 2013;19:521–8.

  137. Bhat M, Hathcock M, Kremers WK, Darwish Murad S, Schmit G, Martenson J, et al. Portal vein encasement predicts neoadjuvant therapy response in liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma protocol. Transpl Int. 2015;28:1383–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Cosgrove ND, Al-Osaimi AM, Sanoff HK, Morris MM, Read PW, Cox DG, et al. Photodynamic therapy provides local control of cholangiocarcinoma in patients awaiting liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2014;14:466–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Darwish Murad S, Kim WR, Harnois DM, Douglas DD, Burton J, Kulik LM, et al. Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation, followed by liver transplantation, for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma at 12 US centers. Gastroenterology. 2012;143:88–98 (e3; quiz e14).

  140. Alvaro D, Cannizzaro R, Labianca R, Valvo F, Farinati F, Italian Society of G, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: a position paper by the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE), the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterology (AIGO), the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) and the Italian Association of Oncological Radiotherapy (AIRO). Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42:831–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Duignan S, Maguire D, Ravichand CS, Geoghegan J, Hoti E, Fennelly D, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by liver transplantation for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a single-centre national experience. HPB (Oxford). 2014;16:91–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Nagino M, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, Sugawara G, Takahashi Y, et al. Evolution of surgical treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a single-center 34-year review of 574 consecutive resections. Ann Surg. 2013;258:129–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Deoliveira ML, Schulick RD, Nimura Y, Rosen C, Gores G, Neuhaus P, et al. New staging system and a registry for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2011;53:1363–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Nagino M. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a much needed but imperfect new staging system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;8:252–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. DeOliveira ML, Clavien PA. A common language to describe perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2012;99:885–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Croome KP, Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, Nagorney DM. Is Liver Transplantation Appropriate for Patients with Potentially Resectable De Novo Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma? J Am Coll Surg. 2015;221:130–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Foss A, Adam R, Dueland S. Liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastases: revisiting the concept. Transpl Int. 2010;23:679–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Hagness M, Foss A, Line PD, Scholz T, Jorgensen PF, Fosby B, et al. Liver transplantation for nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2013;257:800–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Hagness M, Foss A, Egge TS, Dueland S. Patterns of recurrence after liver transplantation for nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21:1323–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Dueland S, Guren TK, Hagness M, Glimelius B, Line PD, Pfeiffer P, et al. Chemotherapy or liver transplantation for nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer? Ann Surg. 2015;261:956–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Line PD, Hagness M, Berstad AE, Foss A, Dueland S. A Novel Concept for Partial Liver Transplantation in Nonresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: the RAPID Concept. Ann Surg. 2015;262:e5–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Chapman WC. Liver transplantation for unresectable metastases to the liver: a new era in transplantation or a time for caution? Ann Surg. 2013;257:816–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Hernandez-Alejandro R, Wall WJ. The RAPID Concept-Novel Idea or a Bridge Too Far? Ann Surg. 2015;262:e10–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Martins PN, Movahedi B, Bozorgzadeh A. Liver transplantation for unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases: a paradigm change? Ann Surg. 2015;262:e12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Gedaly R, Daily MF, Davenport D, McHugh PP, Koch A, Angulo P, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: an analysis of the UNOS database. Arch Surg. 2011;146:953–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Le Treut YP, Gregoire E, Klempnauer J, Belghiti J, Jouve E, Lerut J, et al. Liver transplantation for neuroendocrine tumors in Europe-results and trends in patient selection: a 213-case European liver transplant registry study. Ann Surg. 2013;257:807–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Nguyen NT, Harring TR, Goss JA, O’Mahony CA. Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases and Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: the US Experience. Int J Hepatol. 2011;2011:742890.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  158. Sher LS, Levi DM, Wecsler JS, Lo M, Petrovic LM, Groshen S, et al. Liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: outcomes and prognostic variables. J Surg Oncol. 2015;112:125–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Mazzaferro V, Pulvirenti A, Coppa J. Neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver: how to select patients for liver transplantation? J Hepatol. 2007;47:460–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Pavel M, Baudin E, Couvelard A, Krenning E, Oberg K, Steinmuller T, et al. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with liver and other distant metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms of foregut, midgut, hindgut, and unknown primary. Neuroendocrinology. 2012;95:157–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Alagusundaramoorthy SS, Gedaly R. Role of surgery and transplantation in the treatment of hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine tumor. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:14348–58.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  162. Frilling A, Clift AK. Therapeutic strategies for neuroendocrine liver metastases. Cancer. 2015;121:1172–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Kulke MH, Shah MH, Benson AB 3rd, Bergsland E, Berlin JD, Blaszkowsky LS, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors, version 1.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2015;13:78–108.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Bompas E, Boillot O, Bringuier PP, Dumortier J, Blay JY. Imatinib in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours relapsing after hepatic transplantation. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40:1456–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Serralta AS, Sanjuan FR, Moya AH, Orbis FC, Lopez-Andujar R, Pareja EI, et al. Combined liver transplantation plus imatinib for unresectable metastases of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;16:1237–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Cameron S, Ramadori G, Fuzesi L, Sattler B, Gunawan B, Muller D, et al. Successful liver transplantation in two cases of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Transplantation. 2005;80:283–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Frilling A, Malago M, Testa G, Schleyer E, Grabellus F, Kronenberger R, et al. Liver transplantation for metastasized extragastrointestinal stromal tumor: a case report and an overview of literature. Transplant Proc. 2010;42:3843–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Dovigo AG, Diaz MB, Gutierrez MG, Selles CF, Grobas JP, Valladares M, et al. Liver transplantation as treatment in a massive metastasis from Gruber-Frantz pancreatic tumor: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2011;43:2272–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Kocman B, Jadrijevic S, Skopljanac A, Mikulic D, Gustin D, Buhin M, et al. Living donor liver transplantation for unresectable liver metastases from solid pseudo-papillary tumor of the pancreas: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2008;40:3787–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Lagiewska B, Pacholczyk M, Lisik W, Cichocki A, Nawrocki G, Trzebicki J, et al. Liver transplantation for nonresectable metastatic solid pseudopapillary pancreatic cancer. Ann Transplant. 2013;18:651–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Sumida W, Kaneko K, Tainaka T, Ono Y, Kiuchi T, Ando H. Liver transplantation for multiple liver metastases from solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:e27–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Adams J, Lodge JP, Parker D. Liver transplantation for metastatic hemangiopericytoma associated with hypoglycemia. Transplantation. 1999;67:488–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Urata K, Ikegami T, Nakazawa Y, Ohno Y, Kobayashi A, Mita A, et al. Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatic Metastasis From Meningeal Hemangiopericytoma: a Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2015;47:2274–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Lerut JP, Weber M, Orlando G, Dutkowski P. Vascular and rare liver tumors: a good indication for liver transplantation? J Hepatol. 2007;47:466–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Song XM, Zhan WH, Wang JP, Lan P, He XS, Cai SR. et al [Radical resection of gastric or colorectal carcinoma combined with liver transplantation for gastric or colorectal carcinoma with multiple hepatic metastases]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2005;8:419–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. McCulloch P, Altman DG, Campbell WB, Flum DR, Glasziou P, Marshall JC, et al. No surgical innovation without evaluation: the IDEAL recommendations. Lancet. 2009;374:1105–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Nathan H, Bridges JF, Schulick RD, Cameron AM, Hirose K, Edil BH, et al. Understanding surgical decision making in early hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:619–25.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  178. Nathan H, Segev DL, Bridges JF, Massie AB, Cameron AM, Hirose K, et al. Influence of nonclinical factors on choice of therapy for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20:448–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Geissler EK, Schnitzbauer AA, Zulke C, Lamby PE, Proneth A, Duvoux C, et al. Sirolimus use in liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized, multicenter, open-label phase 3 trial. Transplantation. 2016;100:116–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Pomfret EA. Killing two birds with one stone: antineoplastic immunosuppression. Transplantation. 2016;100:14–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Barone C, Koeberle D, Metselaar H, Parisi G, Sansonno D, Spinzi G. Multidisciplinary approach for HCC patients: hepatology for the oncologists. Ann Oncol. 2013;24 Suppl 2:ii15–23.

  182. Ciancio G, Gonzalez J, Shirodkar SP, Angulo JC, Soloway MS. Liver transplantation techniques for the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava: step-by-step description. Eur Urol. 2011;59:401–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Ciancio G, Vaidya A, Shirodkar S, Manoharan M, Hakky T, Soloway M. En bloc mobilization of the pancreas and spleen to facilitate resection of large tumors, primarily renal and adrenal, in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen: techniques derived from multivisceral transplantation. Eur Urol. 2009;55:1106–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Hannoun L, Panis Y, Balladur P, Delva E, Honiger J, Levy E, et al. Ex-situ in vivo liver surgery. Lancet. 1991;337:1616–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Kato T, Lobritto SJ, Tzakis A, Raveh Y, Sandoval PR, Martinez M, et al. Multivisceral ex vivo surgery for tumors involving celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. Am J Transplant. 2012;12:1323–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Pichlmayr R, Grosse H, Hauss J, Gubernatis G, Lamesch P, Bretschneider HJ. Technique and preliminary results of extracorporeal liver surgery (bench procedure) and of surgery on the in situ perfused liver. Br J Surg. 1990;77:21–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Tzakis AG, Pararas NB, Tekin A, Gonzalez-Pinto I, Levi D, Nishida S, et al. Intestinal and multivisceral autotransplantation for tumors of the root of the mesentery: long-term follow-up. Surgery. 2012;152:82–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, Hwu WJ, Topalian SL, Hwu P, et al. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:2455–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  189. Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:711–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  190. Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, et al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:2443–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  191. Ishiyama K, Ohdan H, Ohira M, Mitsuta H, Arihiro K, Asahara T. Difference in cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma between liver and periphery natural killer cells in humans. Hepatology. 2006;43:362–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Ohira M, Nishida S, Tryphonopoulos P, Tekin A, Selvaggi G, Moon J, et al. Clinical-scale isolation of interleukin-2-stimulated liver natural killer cells for treatment of liver transplantation with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Transplant. 2012;21:1397–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Orlando G, Soker S, Stratta RJ. Organ bioengineering and regeneration as the new Holy Grail for organ transplantation. Ann Surg. 2013;258:221–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Taizo Hibi, Osamu Itano, Masahiro Shinoda & Yuko Kitagawa

Authors
  1. Taizo Hibi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Osamu Itano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Masahiro Shinoda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuko Kitagawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taizo Hibi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest statement

Taizo Hibi, Osamu Itano, Masahiro Shinoda, and Yuko Kitagawa report no conflicts of interest in association with this review.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hibi, T., Itano, O., Shinoda, M. et al. Liver transplantation for hepatobiliary malignancies: a new era of “Transplant Oncology” has begun. Surg Today 47, 403–415 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-016-1337-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-016-1337-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation