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Comparison of the optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) vascular measurements between molecularly confirmed MODY and age-matched healthy controls

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Abstract

Aims

Previous structural, vascular density, and perfusion studies have mostly comprised type 1 and type 2 diabetes, even in the absence of retinopathy. The current study aimed to compare macular vessel density (VD) measurements between maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients and controls.

Methods

The macular VD of superficial, deep retina, and choriocapillaris (CC), and central macular thickness (CMT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), FAZ perimetry, VD of the total retina at 300 µm around the FAZ (FD), and acirculatory index (AI) measurements were taken and analyzed via OCT-A (RTVue XR 100-2 Avanti, AngioVue) and were compared between molecularly confirmed MODY (glucokinase (GCK) variants) patients and healthy controls.

Results

Twenty-five MODY patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. The mean plasma hemoglobin A1c level in the MODY group was 6.39 ± 0.38. The mean age was 13.8 ± 2.1 in the MODY group and was 12.6 ± 2.5 years among controls. There was no significant difference in terms of the age, superficial and deep retinal VD, FAZ, FAZ perimetry, CMT, FD, or AI between the groups. Compared to the healthy controls, a slight but significant increase in the CC-VD was detected in the MODY group, but only in the parafoveal and perifoveal regions (p = 0.034, p = 0.009).

Conclusion

The significant CC-VD increase in the MODY group might be associated with hyperglycemia and/or relatively poor and vulnerable peripheral vascular CC perfusion compared to the central. Previous thickness and VD results of childhood or adolescent diabetes were distributed in a wider range, suggesting that various factors, including some not yet clearly defined, may affect the choroidal vasculature independently of glycemia or as a contributing factor.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, 06800, Turkey

    Cemal Çavdarlı & Sebile Çomçalı

  2. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, 06800, Turkey

    Gönül Büyükyılmaz

  3. Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, 06800, Turkey

    Büşranur Çavdarlı

  4. Private Practice, Çankaya, Ankara, 06530, Turkey

    Pınar Topçu Yılmaz

  5. Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Bilkent, Ankara, 06800, Turkey

    Mehmet Numan Alp

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  1. Cemal Çavdarlı
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Correspondence to Cemal Çavdarlı.

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Ethical standard/Human and animal rights disclosure

All of the procedures and clinical interventions performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Local Institutional Ethics Committee (1st Ethics Committee of Ankara City Hospital, Date: 02.04.2020, Approval number: El/409/2020) and the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments.

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This article belongs to the topical collection Eye Complications of Diabetes, managed by Giuseppe Querques.

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592_2024_2273_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Representative 6 × 6 mm en-face OCT-A vascular density assessment used for quantification of the superficial and deep retinal layers and the CC and corresponding vascular density percentages (A, B, and C, respectively), and representative image of the FAZ (non-flow) area (mm2), FAZ perimetry (mm), total retinal VD 300 μm around the FAZ perimetry (FD, %), AI, andCMT assessment of the OCT-A software (D, E, and F, respectively) (JPG 3220 kb)

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Çavdarlı, C., Büyükyılmaz, G., Çavdarlı, B. et al. Comparison of the optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) vascular measurements between molecularly confirmed MODY and age-matched healthy controls. Acta Diabetol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02273-6

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