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Independent factors associated with depression in type 1 diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Diabetes has been associated with depression since Thomas Willis’ work in 1684 (Rubin and Peyrot in Diabetes Metab Rev 18:173–175, 2002). The aim of this study is to identify social and clinical factors independently associated with depression in individuals with type 1 diabetes. We carried out a descriptive transversal study with 110 type 1 diabetes patients, administered a questionnaire and obtained demographical and diabetes-related data (number of years from diagnosis, initial admission at diagnosis, glycated hemoglobin, number of complications, insulin dose, number of insulin injections per day, admission for ketoacidosis or hypoglycemia at diagnosis, and specific diabetes complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, coronariopathy, and amputation). Depressive symptoms were quantified using the Hamilton Score. We used T tests to investigate potential relations between the covariates and depression (Hamilton score). We concluded the following: as few as 10% of our patients had glycated hemoglobin under 7%; women had more symptoms of depression, and there are four independent factors associated with depression in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus: age, Graffar score, admission for ketoacidosis, and insulin dose.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal for having made data collection possible, and we would like to thank Dr. Ana Matos Pires as well for her support and effort in finding a Hamilton scale valid in Portugal.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hospital Nossa Senhora do Rosário, Avenida Movimento das Forças Armadas, 2830-094, Barreiro, Portugal

    Lucas Francisco Manarte

  2. Departamento de Saúde Pública da FCM-UNL, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, no. 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal

    S. Dias

  3. Hospital Santa Maria, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal

    C. Góis

  4. Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal, Rua do Salitre, 118-120, 1250-203, Lisbon, Portugal

    J. M. Boavida

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  1. Lucas Francisco Manarte
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  2. S. Dias
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  4. J. M. Boavida
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Correspondence to Lucas Francisco Manarte.

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Manarte, L.F., Dias, S., Góis, C. et al. Independent factors associated with depression in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 47, 201–207 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-009-0110-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-009-0110-y

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