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Thermomechanical method for cement extraction in revision arthroplasty

  • Original Article • HIP - BIOMATERIALS
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European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

In joint revision surgery, bone cement extraction remains a major challenge which even today has not seen a satisfactory solution yet. We studied in an experimental setting the impact of heat sources on the mechanical properties and microstructure of bone cement and determined the glass transition temperature (T G) of bone cement. As a result, it would be possible to establish a thermomechanical method which makes use of the structural and material-specific property changes inherent in bone cement at elevated temperatures.

Methods

Prepared samples of polymerized bone cement were thermoanalyzed with a Netzsch STA 409 C thermal analyzer. Samples weighing approx. 55 mg were heated to 390 °C at a rate of 5 K/min. Both simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry were employed. The thermomechanically induced changes in the microstructure of the material were analyzed with a computed tomography scanner specifically developed for materials testing (3D-μXCT).

Results

The bone cement changed from a firm elastic state over entropy-plastic (air atmosphere 60–155 °C) to a plastic viscosity state (air atmosphere >155 °C). Between 290 and 390 °C, the molten mass disintegrated (decomposition temperature).

Conclusion

Our study was able to determine the glass transition temperature (T G) of bone cement which was about 60 and 65 °C under air and nitrogen, respectively. Heating the dry bone cement up to at least 65 °C would be more than halve the strength needed to detach it. Bone cement extraction would then be easy and swift.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the German Arthritis Society.

Author’s contribution

MG contributed to the idea of this work, literature study, analysis of experiments and results, discussion; AK was involved in literature study, analysis of experiments and results, discussion; FD, CEH and CJ were involved in review and amendment of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    M. Ghanem, C.-E. Heyde & C. Josten

  2. Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Professorship of Multifunctional Construction Materials, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    A. Koenig & F. Dehn

Authors
  1. M. Ghanem
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  2. A. Koenig
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  3. F. Dehn
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  4. C.-E. Heyde
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  5. C. Josten
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Correspondence to M. Ghanem.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Ghanem, M., Koenig, A., Dehn, F. et al. Thermomechanical method for cement extraction in revision arthroplasty. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 27, 1125–1130 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-017-1941-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-017-1941-9

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