Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of milk haptoglobin and amyloid A in high producing dairy cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis in Shiraz

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Comparative Clinical Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cattle and results in considerable loss of animals. This study was designed to evaluate milk haptoglobin (Hp) and milk amyloid A (MAA) as an inflammatory indicator for clinical and subclinical mastitis of cattle in dairy farms in Shiraz, Iran. Forty-three subclinical mastitic cows with a positive California Mastitis Test (CMT) and no clinical signs of mastitis, 28 clinical mastitic cows, and 10 healthy cows with negative CMT were selected. After confirmation of clinical and subclinical mastitis by bacterial identification, milk samples were taken from four quarters of each cow and mixed, and one sample was taken from the pooled milk. The most dominant isolated bacterium from clinical and subclinical samples was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 25; 35.2%). The most dominant isolated bacterium from clinical (19/28) and subclinical (11/43) samples was Staphylococcus spp. Of isolated bacteria of milk in cattle with clinical mastitis, 67.8% (n = 19) was S. aureus. There was no bacterial growth in 37.1% (n = 16) of cattle with subclinical mastitis. Of isolated bacteria of milk in cattle with subclinical mastitis, 13.9% (n = 6) and 11.6% (n = 5) was S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in concentrations of milk Hp, MAA, and somatic cell count between clinically healthy cattle and cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. The concentrations of milk Hp, MAA, and somatic cell count in clinical mastitic cows were significantly higher than those in subclinical mastitic cows and control group. The optimal cutoff point was set, using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis method, to >13.43 μg/ml for MAA, >9.71 ng/ml for milk Hp, and >14 × 104 cell per millilitre for somatic cell count with corresponding 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for MAA, 83.72% sensitivity and 100% specificity for milk Hp, and 88.37% sensitivity and 100% specificity for somatic cell count. The results of this study reveal that MAA is a sensitive factor for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Lam TJ, Galligan DT, Beiboer ML, Brand A (1997) Estimation of interdependence among quarters of the bovine udder with subclinical mastitis and implication for analysis. J Dairy Sci 80:1592–1599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bramley A, Dodd F (1984) Reviews of the progress of dairy science: mastitis control progress and prospects. J Dairy Res 85:451–481

    Google Scholar 

  • Busato A, Trachsel P, Schallibaum M, Blum JW (2000) Udder health and risk factors for subclinical mastitis in organic dairy farms in Switzerland. Prev Vet Med 44:205–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conner JG, Eckersall PD, Doherty M, Douglas TA (1986) Acute phase response and mastitis in the cow. Res Vet Sci 41:126–128

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eckersall PD (2004) The time is right for acute phase protein assays. Vet J 168:3–5

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eckersall PD, Young FJ, McComb C, Hogarth CJ, Safi S, Weber A, McDonald T, Nolan AM, Fitzpatrick JL (2001) Acute phase proteins in serum and milk from dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Vet Rec 148:35–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eckersall PD, Young FJ, Nolan AM, Knight CH, McComb C, Waterston MM, Hogarth CJ, Scott EM, Fitzpatrick JL (2006) Acute phase proteins in bovine milk in an experimental model of Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 89:1488–1501

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner IA, Greiner M (2006) Receiver- operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios: improvements over traditional methods for evaluation and application of veterinary clinical pathology tests. Vet Clin Pathol 35:8–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gronlund U, Hulten C, Eckersall PD, Hogarth C, Waller KP (2003) Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and serum during acute and chronic experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J Dairy Res 70:379–386

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gronlund U, Hallen Sandgren C, Waller KP (2005) Measurement of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk from dairy cows with chronic subclinical mastitis. Vet Res 36:191–198

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirvonen J, Pyorala S, Jousimies-Somer H (1996) Acute phase response in heifers with experimentally induced mastitis. J Dairy Res 63:351–360

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirvonen J, Eklund K, Teppo AM, Huszenica G, Kulcsar M, Saloniemi H, Pyorala S (1999) Acute phase response in dairy cows with experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. Acta Vet Scand 40:35–46

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiss S, Mueller U, Neu-Zahren A, Sauerwein H (2007) Haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase measurements in milk for the identification of subclinically infected quarters. Vet Medicina 52:245–252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janosi S, Baltay Z (2004) Correlations among the somatic cell count of individual bulk milk result of the udder in dairy cows. Acta Vet Hung 52:173–176

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larson MA, Wei SH, Weber A, Mack DR, McDonald TL (2003a) Human serum amyloid A3 peptide enhances intestinal MUC3 expression and inhibits EPEC adherence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300:531–540

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larson MA, Wei SH, Weber A, McDonald TL (2003b) Induction of human mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 expression by prolactin or lipopolysaccharide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 301:1030–1037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larson MA, Weber A, Weber AT, McDonald TL (2005) Differential expression and secretion of bovine serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) by mammary epithelial cells stimulated with prolactin or lipopolysaccharide. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 107:255–264

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtolainen T, Rontved C, Pyorala S (2004) Serum amyloid A and TNF alpha in serum and milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis. Vet Res 35:651–659

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lipman L, Nijs T, Lam JA, Rost L, Vandijik Y, Schukken H, Gastra W (1996) Genotyping by PCR of Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated from mammary glands of cows. J Vet Microbiol 48:51–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mack DR, McDonald TL, Larson MA, Wei SH, Weber A (2003) The conserved TFLK motif of mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 is responsible for up-regulation of intestinal MUC3 mucin expression in vitro. Pediat Res 53:137–142

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald TL, Larson MA, Mack DR, Weber A (2001) Elevated extrahepatic expression and secretion of mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) into colostrum. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 83:203–211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melchior MB, Fink JG, Gaastra W (2007) Extended antimicrobial susceptibility assay for Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis growing in biofilms. J Vet Microbiol 46:5–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielen M, Schukken YH, Brand A, Deluyker HA, Maatje K (1995) Detection of subclinical mastitis from on-line milking parlor data. J Dairy Sci 78:1039–1049

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen BH, Jacobsen S, Andersen PH, Niewold TA, Heegaard PMH (2004) Acute phase protein concentrations in serum and milk from healthy cows, cows with clinical mastitis and cows with extramammary inflammatory conditions. Vet Rec 154:361–365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohtsuka H, Kudo K, Mori K, Nagai F, Hatsugaya A, Tajima M, Tamura K, Hoshi F, Koiwa M, Kawmura S (2001) Acute phase response in naturally occurring coliform mastitis. J Vet Med Sci 63:675–678

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen LH, Aalbaek B, Rontved CM, Ingvartsen KL, Sorensen NS, Heegaard PM, Jensen HE (2003) Early pathogenesis and inflammatory response in experimental bovine mastitis due to Streptococcus uberis. J Comp Pathol 128:156–164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen HH, Nielsen JP, Heegaard PMH (2004) Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry. Vet Res 35:163–187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phuektes P, Mansell PD, Browning GF (2001) Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcal causes of bovine mastitis. J Dairy Sci 84:1140–1148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pyorala S (2003) Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis. Vet Res 34:565–578

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pyorala S, Hanninen S, Hovinen M, Fotzpatrick JL, Eckersall PD (2006) Acute phase proteins in bovine milk in mastitis caused by different pathogens. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Colloquium on Acute Phase Proteins.24–25 August. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark

  • Quinn P, Carter M, Markey B, Carter G (1994) Veterinary clinical microbiology. Mosby Com. Philadelphia.

  • Salonen M, Hirvonen J, Pyorala S, Sankari S, Sandhoim M (1996) Quantitative determination of bovine serum haptoglobin in experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. Res Vet Sci 60:88–91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schroder A, Hoedemaker M, Klein G (2005) Resistance of mastitis pathogens in northern Germany. J Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenscher 118:393–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Shitandi A, Kihumbu G (2004) Assessment of the California Mastitis Test usage in small holder dairy herds and risk of violative antimicrobial residues. J Vet Sci 5:5–9

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner JG, Brown RAL, Roberts L (1991) Bovine haptoglobin response in clinically defined field conditions. Vet Rec 128:147–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank the Research Centre for High Producing Dairy Cows at the School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, for their financial support of this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    M. Haghkhah & A. Ghaderian Jahromi

  2. Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran

    S. Nazifi

Authors
  1. M. Haghkhah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Nazifi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Ghaderian Jahromi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Nazifi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Haghkhah, M., Nazifi, S. & Jahromi, A.G. Evaluation of milk haptoglobin and amyloid A in high producing dairy cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis in Shiraz. Comp Clin Pathol 19, 547–552 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-009-0919-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-009-0919-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation