Anesthetic management of nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery using epidural anesthesia and dexmedetomidine in three patients with severe respiratory dysfunction

Abstract

Nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been reported to be safe and feasible for patients with various thoracic diseases, including those who have respiratory dysfunction. In nonintubated VATS, it is important to maintain spontaneous respiration and to obtain a satisfactory operating field through adequate collapse of the lung by surgical pneumothorax. Therefore, we need to minimize the patient’s physical and psychological discomfort by using regional anesthesia and sedation. If analgesia and sedation are inadequate, conversion to intubated general anesthesia may be required. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α₂-adrenoceptor agonist that provides anxiolysis and cooperative sedation without respiratory depression. It seems to be a suitable sedative for nonintubated VATS, especially in high-risk patients for intubated general anesthesia, but there have been no report about its use combined with epidural anesthesia in nonintubated VATS for adult patients. Here, we report three patients with severe respiratory dysfunction who underwent nonintubated VATS for pneumothorax using epidural anesthesia and DEX. In all three patients, DEX infusion was started after placement of an epidural catheter and was titrated to achieve mild sedation, while maintaining communicability and cooperation. This seems to be a promising strategy for nonintubated VATS in patients with respiratory dysfunction, as well as patients with normal respiratory function.