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Genetic diversity of steno endemic and critically endangered Monoon tirunelveliense (Annonaceae) from India as revealed by ISSRs

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Genetic diversity of Monoon tirunelveliense is reported here from India to facilitate its conservation and to take up such studies for conserving threatened plants from different parts of the world.

Abstract

As endemic and threatened species are susceptible to loss of genetic variation due to stochastic factors, investigation was carried out to assess genetic diversity of Monoon tirunelveliense (Annonaceae), which is a steno endemic and a critically endangered species from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in India, using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Thirty-five samples collected from seven populations were screened by 34 primers, wherein 11 primers produced 65 clear and reproducible bands that included 43.08 % of polymorphic bands (PPB), at the rate of 1–6 bands population−1 and 5.90 bands primer−1. Nei’s genetic diversity (H) was 0.1428, on an average. Analysis of Shannon information index (I) showed 0.2120, on an average, and total genetic diversity (H T) was moderate with 0.2651 and genetic diversity within populations (H S) was a low of 0.1428. Proportion of total diversity among populations (G ST) was 0.4613. Gene flow among populations (Nm) was 0.5839 individuals generation−1 indicating a low migration rate among populations. Mantel test showed no significant correlation among genetic differentiation and geographical distance (r = 0.489, p = 0.007). Phylogenetic relationship among Monoon species using rbcL and matK gene sequences derived by combined Bayesian analysis is given. Besides conserving all the existing populations, matured fruits should be collected and sown in debris-free soil to increase the percentage of seed germination as seeds are highly vulnerable to the attack of termites and microbial decay. Seeds from genetic diversity-rich Populations 2 and 3 are recommended for propagation to increase the extent and occurrence of the species.

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Author contribution statement

M.B. Viswanathan Principal Investigator of the Project entitled, “Studies on Population Ecology and Micropropagation Techniques of Selected Endemic and Threatened Plants of Peninsular India” sponsored by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, for fund assistance (BT/PR-9368/BCE/08/563/2007 dt.25.06.2008). Major Contributor of the paper. C. Rajasekar: Senior Research Fellow of the Project. Next to first author, he contributed by field work and provided basic data. P. Sathish Kumar: Technical Assistant of the Project. He assisted the Senior Research Fellow in the field work and looked after the financial aspects of the Project.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, for fund assistance (BT/PR-9368/BCE/08/563/2007 dt.25.06.2008), Dr. K.S. Charak, Adviser and Dr. Onkar N. Tiwari, Scientist ‘C’ for their administrative help, the Chief Wildlife Warden, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Chennai, and Chief Conservator of Forests and Field Director, Project Tiger, Tirunelveli, for permission to field work.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Research and Development of Siddha-Ayurveda Medicines (CRDSAM), Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India

    M. B. Viswanathan, C. Rajasekar & P. Sathish Kumar

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  1. M. B. Viswanathan
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  2. C. Rajasekar
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Correspondence to M. B. Viswanathan.

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Communicated by J. Carlson.

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468_2014_1122_MOESM1_ESM.tif

UPGMA dendrogram of the seven population of M. tirunelveliense constructed by ISSR and compared to Bayesian admixture proportion (K=7) (TIFF 144 kb)

Mantel histogram of seven population of M. tirunelveliense (TIFF 475 kb)

Multidimensional Scaling Plot based on the matrix of genetic distances using ISSR (TIFF 192 kb)

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Viswanathan, M.B., Rajasekar, C. & Sathish Kumar, P. Genetic diversity of steno endemic and critically endangered Monoon tirunelveliense (Annonaceae) from India as revealed by ISSRs. Trees 29, 437–447 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-014-1122-y

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