Abstract
New high-resolution geophysical data collected along the eastern margin of the Tyrrhenian back-arc basin, in the Pontine Islands area, reveal a ∼NW-SE elongated morphological high, the Ventotene Volcanic Ridge (VR), located on the northern edge of the Ventotene Basin. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry, combined with magnetic data, multi- and single-channel seismic profiles, and ROV dives, suggest that VR results from aggregation of a series of volcanic edifices. The summit of these volcanoes is flat and occurs at about 170 m water depth. Given their depths, we propose that flat morphologies were probably caused by surf erosion during Quaternary glacial sea level lowstands. Seismic stratigraphy together with magnetic data suggest that the volcanic activity in this area is older than 190–130 ka age and may be coeval with that of Ventotene Island (Middle Pleistocene). The submarine volcanoes, located 25 km north of Ventotene, are part of a ∼E-W regional volcanic alignment and extend the Pontine volcanism landward toward the Gaeta bay. Integration of structural data from multichannel seismic profiles in this sector of the eastern Tyrrhenian margin indicates that several normal and/or transtensional faults, striking WNW-ESE, NNW-SSE, and NE-SW, offset the basement and form alternating structural highs and depressions filled by thick, mostly undeformed, sedimentary units. Arc-related magmatism is widespread in the study area, where the VR is placed at the hangingwall of the west-directed Apennines subduction zone, which is undergoing tensional and transtensional tectonics. Bathymetric and topographic evidence shows that VR lies in between a major NE-SW trending escarpment east of Ponza and a NE-SW trending graben southwest of the Roccamonfina volcano, a NE-SW transfer zone that accommodate the extension along this segmented portion of the margin. This suggests that the interaction between NE-SW and NW-SE trending fault systems acts as a structural control on location of eruptive centers, given that main volcanic edifices develop along the NW-SE direction, compatible with the extensional setting of the Tyrrhenian basin.
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During the first revision of this article, Giovanni Bortoluzzi passed away. Giovanni has been an essential mentor for us during these years. We are very grateful to him for his initiative to improve collaborative research among scientists involved in different topics of marine geology, and for the several cruises he organized and led in the Mediterranean Sea and the oceans. We will miss his curiosity, his generosity, and his enthusiasm for the sea, science, and exploration. The officers and the crew of the R/V Urania and R/V Astrea, and the scientific party of the TIR-10, MAGIC-IGAG 2012, GEOCAL 2014, and BOLLE 2014 surveys, are thanked for their cooperation during fieldwork. Prof. Marzia Bo from the University of Genova is warmly acknowledged for the use of R/V Astrea during her cruise ECOSAFIMED on August 2014. Discussions with A. Billi were much appreciated. The article strongly benefited from the reviews by J. D. L. White, V. Acocella, N. C. Mitchell, and G. de Alteriis. This research was partially supported by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) of Italy under the sponsorship of Dipartimento Terra Ambiente (cruise TIR-10).
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Cuffaro, M., Martorelli, E., Bosman, A. et al. The Ventotene Volcanic Ridge: a newly explored complex in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy). Bull Volcanol 78, 86 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1081-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1081-9