Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Frequency and subtype of BK virus infection in Iranian patients infected with HIV

  • Original Investigation
  • Published:
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Human polyomavirus BK virus (BKV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects approximately 90 % of the general population as a subclinical or mild infection. In immunosuppressed patients, such as HIV cases, BKV may be reactivated resulting hemorrhagic cystitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis. However, there are limited studies on prevalence and molecular epidemiology of BKV in Iran. We therefore aimed to evaluate the prevalence and subtypes of BKV in Iranian HIV patients. A total of 99 patients with HIV infection were enrolled in the study. Presence of BKV DNA in plasma was evaluated by nested PCR. PCR products were sequenced directly, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. BKV DNA was detected in 8.08 % of HIV patients. BKV viremia presented in 4 out of 25 patients (16 %) not receiving antiretroviral therapy in comparison with 4 out 74 of HAART-treated patients (5.4 %) (P = 0.023). In patients with CD4 counts ≥200 cells/mm3, viremia was found more commonly (7/80 = 8.8 %) than in those with lower counts (1/19 = 5.2 %) (not significant). All sequenced BKV isolates belonged to subtype Ib-2. Our findings indicated that the prevalence of BKV viremia is relatively prevalent in patients with HIV infection and significantly higher in naïve than HAART-treated cases. Therefore, HAART can eliminate BKV infection from plasma and reduce viremia although the actual implication of BKV viremia in HIV patients is not clear.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Berger JR, Major EO (1999) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Semin Neurol 19:193–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Knowles WA, Pipkin P, Andrews N, Vyse A, Minor P, Brown DW, Miller E (2003) Population-based study of antibody to the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV and the simian polyomavirus SV40. J Med Virol 71:115–123

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Krumbholz A, Zell R, Egerer R, Sauerbrei A, Helming A, Gruhn B, Wutzler P (2006) Prevalence of BK virus subtype I in Germany. J Med Virol 78(12):1588–1598

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Elsner C, Dorries K (1992) Evidence of human polyomavirus BK and JC infection in normal brain tissue. Virology 191:72–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rice SJ, Bishop JA, Apperley J, Gardner SD (1985) BK virus as cause of haemorrhagic cystitis after bone marrow transplantation. Lancet 2:844–845

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hirsch HH, Knowles W, Dickenmann M, Passweg J, Klimkait T, Mihatsch MJ, Steiger J (2002) Prospective study of polyomavirus type BK replication and nephropathy in renal-transplant recipients. New Engl J Med 347:488–496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Teutsch K, Schweitzer F, Knops E, Kaiser R, Pfister H, Verheyen J, Göbel H, Cingöz T, Di Cristanziano V (2015) Early identification of renal transplant recipients with high risk of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy. Med Microbiol Immunol. doi:10.1007/s00430-015-0398-x

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Volz R, Jager G, Seelo K, Fuhey L, Hohifeld R (1996) BK virus encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient. Arch Neurol 53:101–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Vago L, Cinque P, Sala E, Nebuloni M, Caidarelli R, Racca S, Ferrante P, Trabottoni G, Costanzi G (1996) JCV-DNA and BKV-DNA in the CNS tissue and CSF of AIDS patients and normal subjects. Study of 41 cases and review of the literature. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 12:139–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Delbue S, Matei DV, Carloni C, Pecchenini V, Carluccio S, Villani S, Tringali V, Brescia A, Ferrante P (2013) Evidence supporting the association of polyomavirus BK genome with prostate cancer. Med Microbiol Immunol 202(6):425–430

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Nali LH, Centrone Cde C, Urbano PR, Penalva-de-Oliveira AC, Vidal JE, Miranda EP, Pannuti CS, Fink MC (2012) High prevalence of the simultaneous excretion of polyomaviruses JC and BK in the urine of HIV-infected patients without neurological symptoms in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 54(4):201–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Behzad-Behbahani A, Klapper PE, Vallely PJ, Cleator GM, Khoo SH (2004) Detection of BK virus and JC virus DNA in urine samples from immunocompromised (HIV-infected) and immunocompetent (HIV-non-infected) patients using polymerase chain reaction and microplate hybridisation. J Clin Virol 29:224–229

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Knowles WA, Pillay D, Johnson MA, Hand JF, Brown DW (1999) Prevalence of long-term BK and JC excretion in HIV infected adults and lack of correlation with serological markers. J Med Virol 59:474–479

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Crum-Cianflone N, Quigley M, Utz G, Hale B (2007) BK virus-associated renal failure among HIV patients. AIDS 21:1501–1502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Vallbracht A, Löhler J, Gossmann J, Glück T, Petersen D, Gerth HJ, Gencic M, Dörries K (1993) Disseminated BK type polyomavirus infection in an AIDS patient associated with central nervous system disease. Am J Pathol 143:29–39

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sundsfjord A, Flaegstad T, Flø R, Spein AR, Pedersen M, Permin H, Julsrud J, Traavik T (1994) BK and JC viruses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons: prevalence, excretion, viremia, and viral regulatory regions. J Infect Dis 169(3):485–490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Flaegstad T, Permin H, Husebekk A, Husby G, Traavik T (1988) BK virus infection in patients with AIDS. Scand J Infect Dis 20:145–150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhong S, Randhawa PS, Ikegaya H, Chen Q, Zheng HY, Suzuki M, Takeuchi T, Shibuya A, Kitamura T, Yogo Y (2009) Distribution patterns of BK polyomavirus (BKV) subtypes and subgroups in American, European and Asian populations suggest co-migration of BKV and the human race. J Gen Virol 90(Pt 1):144–152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kaydani GA, Makvandi M, Samarbafzadeh A, Shahbazian H, Hamidi Fard M (2015) Prevalence and distribution of BK virus subtypes in renal transplant recipients referred to Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 8(3):e16738

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Sharif A, Sharif MR, Aghakhani A, Banifazl M, Hamkar R, Ghavami N, Eslamifar A, Ramezani A (2015) Prevalence of BK viremia in Iranian hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Infect Dis 47(5):345–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Boukoum H, Nahdi I, Foulongne V, Zallema D, Aloui S, Achour A, Segondy M, Aouni M (2011) Distribution of BK polyomavirus genotypes in Tunisian renal transplant recipients. J Med Virol 83(4):725–730

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Barouch DH, Faquin WC, Chen Y, Koralnik IJ, Robbins GK, Davis BT (2002) BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. Clin Infect Dis 35:326–329

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kinnaird AN, Anstead GM (2010) Hemorrhagic cystitis and possible neurologic disease from BK virus infection in a patient with AIDS. Infection 38:124–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ledesma J, Muñoz P, Garcia de Viedma D, Cabrero I, Loeches B, Montilla P, Gijon P, Rodriguez-Sanchez B, Bouza E; BKV Study Group (2012) BK virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31(7):1531–1535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Degener AM, Pietropaolo V, Di Taranto C, Rizzuti V, Ameglio F, Cordiali Fei P, Caprilli F, Capitanio B, Sinibaldi L, Orsi N (1997) Detection of JC and BK viral genome in specimens of HIV-1 infected subjects. New Microbiol 20(2):115–122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Jin L, Gibson PE, Booth JC, Clewley JP (1993) Genomic typing of BK virus in clinical specimens by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. J Med Virol 41:11–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Baksh FK, Finkelstein SD, Swalsky PA, Stoner GL, Ryschkewitsch CF, Randhawa P (2001) Molecular genotyping of BK and JC viruses in human polyomavirus-associated interstitial nephritis after renal transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 38:354–365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zheng HY, Nishimoto Y, Chen Q, Hasegawa M, Zhong S, Ikegaya H, Ohno N, Sugimoto C, Takasaka T, Kitamura T, Yogo Y (2007) Relationships between BK virus lineages and human populations. Microbes Infect 9:204–213

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Chehadeh W, Nampoory MR (2013) Genotypic diversity of polyomaviruses circulating among kidney transplant recipients in Kuwait. J Med Virol 85(9):1624–1631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Pasteur Institute of Iran for financial support of this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Payame Noor University of Tehran Shargh, Tehran, Iran

    Shahla Akhgari

  2. Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran, Iran

    Minoo Mohraz

  3. Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Kayhan Azadmanesh & Monireh Kazemimanesh

  4. Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Rouhollah Vahabpour

  5. Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 13164, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, Iran

    Arezoo Aghakhani, Anahita Bavand & Amitis Ramezani

  6. Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Manizheh Jozpanahi

  7. Iranian Society for Support of Patients with Infectious Disease, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Banifazl

Authors
  1. Shahla Akhgari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Minoo Mohraz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kayhan Azadmanesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rouhollah Vahabpour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Monireh Kazemimanesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Arezoo Aghakhani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Manizheh Jozpanahi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Mohammad Banifazl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Anahita Bavand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Amitis Ramezani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amitis Ramezani.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Akhgari, S., Mohraz, M., Azadmanesh, K. et al. Frequency and subtype of BK virus infection in Iranian patients infected with HIV. Med Microbiol Immunol 205, 57–62 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-015-0426-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-015-0426-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation