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Increased pCO2 and temperature reveal ecotypic differences in growth and photosynthetic performance of temperate and Arctic populations of Saccharina latissima

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Abstract

Main conclusion

The Arctic population of the kelp Saccharina latissima differs from the Helgoland population in its sensitivity to changing temperature and CO 2 levels. The Arctic population does more likely benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart.

The previous research demonstrated that warming and ocean acidification (OA) affect the biochemical composition of Arctic (Spitsbergen; SP) and cold-temperate (Helgoland; HL) Saccharina latissima differently, suggesting ecotypic differentiation. This study analyses the responses to different partial pressures of CO2 (380, 800, and 1500 µatm pCO2) and temperature levels (SP population: 4, 10 °C; HL population: 10, 17 °C) on the photophysiology (O2 production, pigment composition, D1-protein content) and carbon assimilation [Rubisco content, carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), growth rate] of both ecotypes. Elevated temperatures stimulated O2 production in both populations, and also led to an increase in pigment content and a deactivation of CCMs, as indicated by 13C isotopic discrimination of algal biomass (ε p) in the HL population, which was not observed in SP thalli. In general, pCO2 effects were less pronounced than temperature effects. High pCO2 deactivated CCMs in both populations and produced a decrease in the Rubisco content of HL thalli, while it was unaltered in SP population. As a result, the growth rate of the Arctic ecotype increased at elevated pCO2 and higher temperatures and it remained unchanged in the HL population. Ecotypic differentiation was revealed by a significantly higher O2 production rate and an increase in Chl a, Rubisco, and D1 protein content in SP thalli, but a lower growth rate, in comparison to the HL population. We conclude that both populations differ in their sensitivity to changing temperatures and OA and that the Arctic population is more likely to benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart.

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Abbreviations

CCM:

Carbon concentrating mechanism

DPS:

De-epoxidation state

εP :

Isotopic fractionation of organic carbon production

HL:

Helgoland

OA:

Ocean acidification

pCO2 :

Partial pressure of CO2

RGR:

Relative growth rate

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SP:

Spitsbergen

VAZ:

Xanthophyll cycle pigment pool

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Acknowledgments

This is a CEI-MAR publication, partly financed by project CTM2011-24007 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work was also partly funded by the German Federal Ministry for Science and Education (BMBF; Förderkennzeichen 03F0608B) as part of the BIOACID program (Subproject 4.1.1). Furthermore, we wish to thank Andreas Wagner and Claudia Daniel for assistance with lab work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Mark Olischläger & Christian Wiencke

  2. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain

    Concepción Iñiguez & Francisco Javier López Gordillo

  3. Marine Botany and Bremen Marine Ecology-Center for Research and Education (BreMarE), University of Bremen, LeobenerStr. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Kristina Koch

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  1. Mark Olischläger
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  3. Kristina Koch
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  5. Francisco Javier López Gordillo
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Correspondence to Mark Olischläger.

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Olischläger, M., Iñiguez, C., Koch, K. et al. Increased pCO2 and temperature reveal ecotypic differences in growth and photosynthetic performance of temperate and Arctic populations of Saccharina latissima . Planta 245, 119–136 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-016-2594-3

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