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Gastrointestinal motility and its enteric actors in mechanosensitivity: past and present

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Abstract

Coordinated contractions of the smooth muscle layers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are required to produce motor patterns that ensure normal GI motility. The crucial role of the enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic ganglionated network located within the GI wall, has long been recognized in the generation of the main motor patterns. However, devising an appropriate motility requires the integration of informations emanating from the lumen of the GI tract. As already found more than half a century ago, the ability of the GI tract to respond to mechanical forces such as stretch is not restricted to neuronal mechanisms. Instead, mechanosensitivity is now recognized as a property of several non-neuronal cell types, the excitability of which is probably involved in shaping the motor patterns. This brief review gives an overview on how mechanosensitivity of different cell types in the GI tract has been established and, whenever available, on what ionic conductances are involved in mechanotransduction and their potential impact on normal GI motility.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix Marseille Université. The author would like to thank Nadine Clerc for critical comments on previous drafts of the manuscript.

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  1. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, CS80011 Bd Pierre Dramard, 13344, Marseille Cedex 15, France

    Bruno Mazet

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Correspondence to Bruno Mazet.

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This article is published as part of the Special Issue on Physiological Aspects of Mechano-Sensing

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Mazet, B. Gastrointestinal motility and its enteric actors in mechanosensitivity: past and present. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 467, 191–200 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-014-1635-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-014-1635-7

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