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Age-corrected reference values for the Heidelberg multi-color anomaloscope

  • Retinal Disorders
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Abstract

Background

To determine reference values for the HMC anomaloscope (Heidelberg multi-color anomaloscope) of healthy subjects.

Methods

One hundred and thirteen healthy subjects were divided into four age groups: <20 years of age (ten female, five male), 20–39 years of age (23 female, 15 male), 40–59 years of age (23 female, ten male) and >60 years of age (nine female, 18 male). Match midpoint, matching range (MR) and anomaly quotient (AQ), according to the Moreland equation [blue (436 nm) + blue–green (490 nm) = cyan (480 nm) + yellow (589 nm)] and according to the Rayleigh equation [green (546 nm) + red (671 nm) = yellow (589 nm)] were determined. The neutral adaptation was done showing white light every 5 seconds in absolute mode and every 15 seconds in relative mode.

Results

The mean match midpoint according to the Rayleigh equation was 43.9 ± 2.6 scale units in absolute mode. It was highest between 20–39 years (45.2 ± 2.2) and lowest in subjects >60 years of age (42.2 ± 2.2). The mean MR in absolute mode was 3.1 ± 3.5 scale units with a maximum >60 years (4.4 ± 4.4). The MR in relative mode was between 1.6 ± 1.9 (20–39 years) and 4.4 ± 3.8 (>60 years). The resulting mean AQ was 1.01 ± 0.15 in both modes. The mean match midpoint of the Moreland equation was 51.0 ± 5.2 scale units in absolute mode. It was highest between 20–39 years (52.5 ± 5.7), and lowest in subjects >60 years of age (48.7 ± 3.6). The mean MR according to the Moreland equation was lower in absolute mode (13.4 ± 15.6) than in relative mode (16.2 ± 15.2). The mean resulting AQ was 1.02 ± 0.21 in both modes.

Conclusion

The values of this study can be used as references for the diagnosis of red–green and blue perception impairment with the HMC anomaloscope.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House 25, D-24105, Kiel, Germany

    Florian Rüfer & Alexa Klettner

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    Benno Sauter, Josef Flammer & Carl Erb

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Schlosspark Clinic, Berlin, Germany

    Katja Göbel & Carl Erb

Authors
  1. Florian Rüfer
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  2. Benno Sauter
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  3. Alexa Klettner
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  4. Katja Göbel
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  5. Josef Flammer
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  6. Carl Erb
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Correspondence to Florian Rüfer.

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Rüfer, F., Sauter, B., Klettner, A. et al. Age-corrected reference values for the Heidelberg multi-color anomaloscope. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250, 1267–1273 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-1949-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-1949-0

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