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40Ar/39Ar geochronology, geochemistry and petrology of volcanic rocks from the Simav Graben, western Turkey

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Abstract

Major and trace element compositions with Sr–Nd isotopic ratios, as well as Ar–Ar radiometric ages of the Miocene volcanic rocks from the Neogene units around Simav region (western Anatolia), are used to discuss the genetic relationship between (1) high-voluminous Lower–Middle Miocene high-potassic, calc-alkaline (HKCA) and (2) Middle Miocene small-voluminous high-MgO shoshonitic–ultrapotassic (SHO–UK) magmatic units in the region. All the HKCA rocks, including basaltic to rhyolitic (and granitic) samples, share similar trace element characteristics (enrichments of LILE and LREE and depletions in HFSE as a common feature of orogenic magmatic rocks), with subtle differences in their 87Sr/86Sr(i) ratios (basalts and rhyolites ~0.708, dacites ~0.710). Most of the samples of the high-MgO SHO–UK group are classified as shoshonite and latite, with some lamproites, sharing similar geochemical features with the other ultrapotassic rocks of the Mediterranean. All the rock groups have similar and high abundances of incompatible trace elements, and radiogenic Sr. Geochemical modeling of the trace element and isotopic ratios of the samples reveals that both the SHO–UK and HKCA groups were derived from a common mantle source which had been highly metasomatized and enriched by continental materials during partial subduction of the crustal metamorphic slices in a continental collision setting. The geochemical variations of these rocks were mainly controlled by source characteristics (such as heterogeneity) and variable degrees of partial melting and subsequent effects of fractional crystallization, with low degrees of crustal contamination. The HKCA series were derived by higher degrees of partial melting of the lithospheric mantle source than the SHO–UK rocks. The HKCA rocks then underwent two-stage fractional crystallization (clinopyroxene-dominated followed by feldspar-dominated fractionating mineral assemblages) to form the high-K calc-alkaline basalt to rhyolite series, whereas the SHO–UK rocks experienced comparatively little fractional crystallization. A tectonic scenario involving the rapidly extending and thinning of orogenic crust is compatible with the time-dependent compositional variation of the magmatic rocks.

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Acknowledgments

This study forms part of a Ph.D. study by the first author and has been encouraged by a research project supported by Pamukkale University (Project No. 2008MHF003). We would like to thank Paul Schroeder who facilitated the visit of the first author to the University of Georgia, Athens, USA, and Chris Fleisher for his assistance in performing the microprobe analyses. Tyrone Rooney is thanked for his contribution to an earlier version of the manuscript. Michael F. Roden is acknowledged for his English editing and critical comments that contributed to the improvement of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20070, Denizli, Turkey

    Barış Semiz & Yahya Özpınar

  2. Department of Geological Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160, Izmir, Turkey

    E. Yalçın Ersoy & Cahit Helvacı

  3. School of Ocean and Earth Science, NOC, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK

    Martin R. Palmer

  4. Department of Geology and Geography, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA

    Mehmet Z. Billor

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  1. Barış Semiz
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  2. E. Yalçın Ersoy
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  3. Yahya Özpınar
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Correspondence to Barış Semiz.

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Communicated by Gordon Moore.

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Semiz, B., Ersoy, E.Y., Özpınar, Y. et al. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, geochemistry and petrology of volcanic rocks from the Simav Graben, western Turkey. Contrib Mineral Petrol 170, 24 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1178-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1178-8

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