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Three- and four-dimensional HDlive rendering images of normal and abnormal fetuses: pictorial essay

  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Published:
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Our objective is to present our experience of normal embryonic development and fetal anatomy and fetal anomalies reconstructed employing the three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) HDlive rendering mode.

Methods

A total of 18 normal embryos and fetuses and 21 abnormal fetuses (one case each of thoracic meningocele, thickened nuchal translucency, multicystic dysplastic kidney, gastroschisis, omphalocele, and ovarian cyst, five of hydrops fetalis, three of skeletal abnormality, three of chromosome abnormality, two of cystic hygroma, and two of amniotic band syndrome) at 7–36 weeks’ gestation were studied using the 3D/4D HDlive rendering mode.

Results

In normal fetuses, marked embryonic development with advancing gestation was clearly shown in the first trimester of pregnancy, and various realistic facial expressions were noted in the second and third trimesters. In abnormal fetuses, anatomically realistic features such as gross specimens were obtained. In particular, 3D/4D HDlive provides new, realistic sensations for the diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome, skeletal abnormalities, and facial abnormalities.

Conclusion

3D/4D HDlive rendering images seem to be more readily discernible than those obtained by conventional 3D/4D sonography. 3D/4D HDlive may be an important modality in future embryonic research, fetal neurobehavioral assessment, and the evaluation of fetal anomalies.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan

    Toshiyuki Hata, Uiko Hanaoka, Chiaki Tenkumo, Miki Sato & Hirokazu Tanaka

  2. GE Yokogawa Medical Systems, Nishihara 8-38-29-3, Asaminami-Ku, Hiroshima, 731-0113, Japan

    Mari Ishimura

Authors
  1. Toshiyuki Hata
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  2. Uiko Hanaoka
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  3. Chiaki Tenkumo
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  4. Miki Sato
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  5. Hirokazu Tanaka
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  6. Mari Ishimura
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toshiyuki Hata.

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Hata, T., Hanaoka, U., Tenkumo, C. et al. Three- and four-dimensional HDlive rendering images of normal and abnormal fetuses: pictorial essay. Arch Gynecol Obstet 286, 1431–1435 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2505-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2505-1

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