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Comparing modeled and observed changes in mineral dust transport and deposition to Antarctica between the Last Glacial Maximum and current climates

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Abstract

Mineral dust aerosols represent an active component of the Earth’s climate system, by interacting with radiation directly, and by modifying clouds and biogeochemistry. Mineral dust from polar ice cores over the last million years can be used as paleoclimate proxy, and provide unique information about climate variability, as changes in dust deposition at the core sites can be due to changes in sources, transport and/or deposition locally. Here we present results from a study based on climate model simulations using the Community Climate System Model. The focus of this work is to analyze simulated differences in the dust concentration, size distribution and sources in current climate conditions and during the Last Glacial Maximum at specific ice core locations in Antarctica, and compare with available paleodata. Model results suggest that South America is the most important source for dust deposited in Antarctica in current climate, but Australia is also a major contributor and there is spatial variability in the relative importance of the major dust sources. During the Last Glacial Maximum the dominant source in the model was South America, because of the increased activity of glaciogenic dust sources in Southern Patagonia-Tierra del Fuego and the Southernmost Pampas regions, as well as an increase in transport efficiency southward. Dust emitted from the Southern Hemisphere dust source areas usually follow zonal patterns, but southward flow towards Antarctica is located in specific areas characterized by southward displacement of air masses. Observations and model results consistently suggest a spatially variable shift in dust particle sizes. This is due to a combination of relatively reduced en route wet removal favouring a generalized shift towards smaller particles, and on the other hand to an enhanced relative contribution of dry coarse particle deposition in the Last Glacial Maximum.

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Acknowledgments

N. M. Mahowald and S. Albani acknowledge the support of NSF-0832782, NSF-0745961, NSF-0932946, NSF-1003509 and NASA-NNG06G127G. The computer simulations used in this study were performed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, a National Science Foundation facility. S. Albani acknowledges funding from “Dote ricercatori”: FSE, Regione Lombardia. We gratefully acknowledge Joseph Prospero for providing us with dust surface concentration data from in situ measurements from the University of Miami Ocean Aerosol Network. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School in Polar Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Samuel Albani

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

    Samuel Albani, Barbara Delmonte & Valter Maggi

  3. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Samuel Albani & Natalie M. Mahowald

  4. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA

    Gisela Winckler

  5. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Gisela Winckler

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  1. Samuel Albani
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  2. Natalie M. Mahowald
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  3. Barbara Delmonte
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  4. Valter Maggi
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  5. Gisela Winckler
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Correspondence to Samuel Albani.

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Albani, S., Mahowald, N.M., Delmonte, B. et al. Comparing modeled and observed changes in mineral dust transport and deposition to Antarctica between the Last Glacial Maximum and current climates. Clim Dyn 38, 1731–1755 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1139-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1139-5

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