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Prognostic significance of serum neuron-specific enolase in small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

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Abstract

Purpose

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCCB) is known for its aggressive clinical features and poor prognosis. No prognostic factor has been established so far. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of possible prognostic factors, including serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), an established biomarker for small cell lung carcinoma.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 31 patients with primary SCCB treated at our eight affiliate institutions between 2001 and 2014. The association of various clinicopathological factors at diagnosis, including the serum NSE value, with cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively.

Results

Nineteen (61.3 %) died of SCCB during the follow-up, with a median survival time of 12.7 months. Prognostic factors were analyzed for the 25 patients after excluding six with missing data. Univariate analysis demonstrated that stage (extensive disease) and serum NSE ≥25 ng/ml were significantly associated with worse CSS. Multivariate analysis identified increased serum NSE value as a sole independent predictor of CSS (hazard ratio 18.52, p = 0.0022).

Conclusions

Serum NSE value at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor for primary SCCB and may serve as a useful biomarker in the management of SCCB.

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Abbreviations

SCCB:

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

NSE:

Neuron-specific enolase

CSS:

Cancer-specific survival

MST:

Median survival time

SCLC:

Small cell lung carcinoma

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

LD:

Limited disease

ED:

Extensive disease

TURBT:

Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor

IQR:

Interquartile range

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Author’s contribution

A Naito was involved in project development, data collection, and data analysis and wrote the manuscript. S Taguchi was involved in project development and data analysis and wrote the manuscript. T Nakagawa was involved in project development and data analysis and wrote the manuscript. A Matsumoto was involved in project development and data analysis. Y Nagase was involved in data analysis and edited the manuscript. M Tabata was involved in data collection and data analysis. J Miyakawa was involved in data collection and data analysis. M Suzuki was involved in data analysis and edited the manuscript. H Nishimatsu was involved in data analysis and edited the manuscript. Y Enomoto was involved in data analysis and edited the manuscript. S Takahashi was involved in data collection and data analysis. T Okaneya was involved in data analysis and edited the manuscript. D Yamada was involved in data collection and data analysis. T Tachikawa was involved in data analysis and edited the manuscript. S Minowada was involved in data analysis and edited the manuscript. T Fujimura edited the manuscript. H Fukuhara edited the manuscript. H Kume edited the manuscript editing and was involved in administrative support. Y Homma edited the manuscript and was involved in administrative support and supervision.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    Akihiro Naito, Satoru Taguchi, Tohru Nakagawa, Mariko Tabata, Tetsuya Fujimura, Hiroshi Fukuhara, Haruki Kume & Yukio Homma

  2. Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Akihiro Naito, Akihiko Matsumoto & Yasushi Nagase

  3. Department of Urology, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Jimpei Miyakawa & Motofumi Suzuki

  4. Department of Urology, The Fraternity Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroaki Nishimatsu

  5. Department of Urology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Yutaka Enomoto

  6. Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Shintaro Takahashi & Toshikazu Okaneya

  7. Department of Urology, Chibanishi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan

    Daisuke Yamada & Takamitsu Tachikawa

  8. Department of Urology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Daisuke Yamada & Shigeru Minowada

Authors
  1. Akihiro Naito
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  2. Satoru Taguchi
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  3. Tohru Nakagawa
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  7. Jimpei Miyakawa
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  8. Motofumi Suzuki
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  10. Yutaka Enomoto
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  11. Shintaro Takahashi
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  12. Toshikazu Okaneya
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  15. Shigeru Minowada
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  16. Tetsuya Fujimura
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  17. Hiroshi Fukuhara
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  18. Haruki Kume
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  19. Yukio Homma
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tohru Nakagawa.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standard

This study has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and has therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

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Naito, A., Taguchi, S., Nakagawa, T. et al. Prognostic significance of serum neuron-specific enolase in small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. World J Urol 35, 97–103 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-016-1846-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-016-1846-y

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