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Femtosecond X-ray induced electron kinetics in dielectrics: application for FEL-pulse-duration monitor

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A Correction to this article was published on 16 April 2019

Abstract

Modern X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) provide pulses with photon energies from a few tens of eV up to the tens of keV and durations as short as only a few femtoseconds. Experimental pump–probe scheme with a FEL pump and a visible light probe of a solid-state target can be used for the pulse-duration monitor on a shot-to-shot basis. To study the electron cascading in different materials used for pulse-duration monitor, XCASCADE, a Monte Carlo model of the X-ray-induced electron cascading within an irradiated target is developed. It is shown here that the electron cascade duration is sensitive to a choice of material. An appropriately selected target can significantly shorten the electron relaxation times. The grounds, upon which such a choice of the material can be made, are discussed. The results suggest that for photon energies of 24 keV, one could achieve direct monitoring of the pulse duration of 40 fs. Further deconvolution of the electron density into the contribution from the pulse itself and from the secondary cascading can increase the resolution up to a scale of a femtosecond.

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Notes

  1. N. Medvedev and B. Ziaja. XCASCADE, a Monte Carlo tool for modeling ultrafast electron cascading in solids after X-ray irradiation. DESY, Hamburg, 2014.

  2. According to the LCLS official website, https://portal.slac.stanford.edu.

  3. Note also that the same procedure can be involved for analysis of already existing or new experimental data.

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Acknowledgments

The author is deeply thankful to Dr. A. Aquila, Dr. M. Nakatsutsumi and Prof. B. Ziaja for fruitful discussions and help with the manuscript. Helpful comments from Dr. Z. Jurek and Dr. J. Gaudin are also acknowledged. The insightful and valuable suggestions from the Reviewers of the paper helped to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany

    Nikita Medvedev

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Medvedev, N. Femtosecond X-ray induced electron kinetics in dielectrics: application for FEL-pulse-duration monitor. Appl. Phys. B 118, 417–429 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-015-6005-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-015-6005-4

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