Abstract
Subannual growth increments in bivalves provide insight into past seasonal seawater conditions at high temporal resolution. The Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki (Smith 1902) accretes putatively fortnightly surficial growth lines (striae) and interstrial growth increments have the potential to archive sea ice variations. Cycles of paired groups of wide and narrow striae are sometimes used to determine ontogenetic age in these scallops, but previous quantitative work describing strial grouping and formation is limited to a few months of juvenile growth. Here, we analyze striae patterns in A. colbecki collected from two sites on western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica that differ by sea ice duration: Explorers Cove with multi-annual sea ice and Bay of Sails with annual sea ice. At both sites, visual analysis of striae groups and cycles (using the methods of previous authors) and wavelet analysis of interstrial increments suggest that striae groups are too variable to age A. colbecki. Only ~ 40% of striae groups and cycles conformed to expectations from annual cycles of fortnightly growth increments (~ 26 striae per cycle). Moreover, only one scallop from each study site displayed consistent periodicity at ~ 26 striae throughout juvenile growth in wavelet analysis. Though striae grouping was inconsistent, analysis of concurrent growth of juvenile scallops from Explorers Cove suggested strong environmental control on interstrial increment size and thus that strial increments are suitable for further analysis as sea ice proxies. Finally, the multi-annual sea ice site had smaller interstrial growth increments and less valve wear than the annual sea ice site, indicating overall slower growth and possibly lower metabolic activity.
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Data availability
Data will be available at the US Antarctic Program Data Center (USAP-DC) upon publication.
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R code will be available at the US Antarctic Program Data Center (USAP-DC) upon publication.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Nadine Hallmann, Alexey Zotin, an anonymous reviewer, and the Editor, Dieter Peipenburg for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the staff at McMurdo Station and the crew of Petroleum Helicopters Inc., Steve Clabuesch, Cecil Shin, Shawn Harper, Henry Kaiser, Doug Coons, and Karen Sterling for logistical support, field assistance, and diving expertise. Field work and analysis was funded by NSF Polar Programs grants ANT 0739512, OPP 1745057, and PLR 1341612 as well as grants from the Paleontological Society and the Geological Society of America to the first author.
Funding
The following research was funded by NSF Polar Programs grants ANT 0739512, OPP 1745057, and PLR 1341612 as well as grants from the Paleontological Society and the Geological Society of America to the first author.
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KEC developed the concepts and approach used for data collection and analysis, performed the analyses, and prepared the manuscript. SEW and SSB designed the field sampling and original concept and managed field operations and specimen collection. KEC SEW, and SSB edited the manuscript.
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Cronin, K.E., Walker, S.E. & Bowser, S.S. Striae in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki provide environmental insights but not reliable age increments. Polar Biol 44, 729–738 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02830-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02830-7