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Roles of the reactive oxygen species-generating peroxidase reactions in plant defense and growth induction

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Abstract

Extracellularly secreted plant peroxidases (POXs) are considered to catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled to oxidation of plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and defense-related compounds salicylic acid (SA), aromatic monoamines (AMAs) and chitooligosaccharides (COSs). This review article consists of two parts, which describe H2O2-dependent and H2O2-independent mechanisms for ROS generation, respectively. Recent studies have shown that plant POXs oxidize SA, AMAs and COSs in the presence of H2O2 via a conventional POX cycle, yielding the corresponding radical species, such as SA free radicals. These radical species may react with oxygen, and superoxide (O2 ·−) is produced. Through the series of reactions 2 moles of O2 ·− can be formed from 1 moles of H2O2, thus leading to oxidative burst. It has been revealed that the ROS induced by SA, AMAs and COSs triggers the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Actually POXs transduce the extracellular signals into the redox signals that eventually stimulate the intracellular Ca2+ signaling required for induction of defense responses. On the other hand, IAA can react with oxygen and plant POXs in the absence of H2O2, by forming the ternary complex enzyme-IAA-O2, which readily dissociates into enzyme, IAA radicals and O2 ·−. This article covers the recent reports showing that extracellularly produced hydroxy radicals derived from O2 ·− mediate the IAA-induced cell elongation. Here a novel model for IAA signaling pathway mediated by extracellular ROS produced by cell-wall POXs is proposed. In addition, possible controls of the IAA-POX reactions by a fungal alkaloid are discussed.

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  1. Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-Ward, 808-0135, Kitakyushu, Japan

    T. Kawano

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Kawano, T. Roles of the reactive oxygen species-generating peroxidase reactions in plant defense and growth induction. Plant Cell Rep 21, 829–837 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0591-z

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