Abstract
A linear plasmid pBSSB1 of z66-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was previously identified to be involved in unidirectional flagellar phase variation due to the expression and regulation of fljB z66and fljA located on it. However, the expression of the remaining genes and other possible functions of pBSSB1 have not been reported yet. Here, we investigated the transcriptional expression characteristics of six genes (002, 008, 012, 017, 021, and 026) located on the linear plasmid pBSSB1 in different growth phases and environmental stresses by means of qRT-PCR. The results show that these six genes are all transcribed in normal growth condition (LB broth at 37 °C with stirring 250 rpm), and their expression has an increasing trend in general with the growth of the bacteria. Under environmental stresses, there is an increase in expression levels of 002, 008, 012, and 026, while no significant change in expression was observed for 017 and 021. In addition, the expression levels and modes of 017 and 021 are similar in all the growth conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the transcriptional expression characteristics of these six genes located on pBSSB1 and suggesting that pBSSB1 may be very important in response to the environmental stresses in z66-positive S. enterica serovar Typhi.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker S, Hardy J, Sanderson KE et al (2007) A novel linear plasmid mediates flagellar variation in Salmonella Typhi. PLoS Pathog 3:e59
Baker S, Holt K, Whitehead S et al (2007) A linear plasmid truncation induces unidirectional flagellar phase change in H: z66 positive Salmonella Typhi. Mol Microbiol 66:1207–1218
Casjens S (1999) Evolution of the linear DNA replicons of the Borrelia spirochetes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2:529–534
Chater KF, Bruton CJ (1985) Resistance, regulatory and production genes for the antibiotic methylenomycin are clustered. EMBO J 4:1893–1897
Francis I, De Keyser A, De Backer P et al (2012) pFiD188, the linear virulence plasmid of Rhodococcus fascians D188. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 25:637–647
Hayakawa T, Otake N, Yonehara H et al (1979) Isolation and characterization of plasmids from Streptomyces. J Antibiot 32:1348–1350
Hinnebusch J, Tilly K (1993) Linear plasmids and chromosomes in bacteria. Mol Microbiol 10:917–922
Huang X, le Phung V, Dejsirilert S et al (2004) Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the z66 antigen of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 234:239–246
Kinashi H (2011) Giant linear plasmids in Streptomyces: a treasure trove of antibiotic biosynthetic clusters. J Antibiot 64:19–25
Meinhardt F, Schaffrath R, Larsen M (1997) Microbial linear plasmids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 47:329–336
Novakova R, Knirschova R, Farkasovsky M et al (2013) The gene cluster aur1 for the angucycline antibiotic auricin is located on a large linear plasmid pSA3239 in Streptomyces aureofaciens CCM 3239. FEMS Microbiol Lett 342:130–137
Plasterk RH, Simon MI, Barbour AG (1985) Transposition of structural genes to an expression sequence on a linear plasmid causes antigenic variation in the bacterium Borrelia hermsii. Nature 318:257–263
Qin Z, Cohen SN (1998) Replication at the telomeres of the Streptomyces linear plasmid pSLA2. Mol Microbiol 28:893–903
Saint Girons I, Old IG, Davidson BE (1994) Molecular biology of the Borrelia, bacteria with linear replicons. Microbiology 140:1803–1816
Vecchiarelli AG, Han YW, Tan X et al (2010) ATP control of dynamic P1 ParA-DNA interactions: a key role for the nucleoid in plasmid partition. Mol Microbiol 78:78–91
Xu S, Zhang H, Sheng X et al (2008) Transcriptional expression of fljB:z66, a flagellin gene located on a novel linear plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi under environmental stresses. New Microbiol 31:241–247
Xu S, Zou X, Sheng X et al (2010) Expression of fljB:z66 on a novel linear plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is dependent on FliA and FlhDC and regulated by OmpR. Braz J Microbiol 41:729–740
Zhang H, Ni B, Zhao X et al (2012) Fis is essential for the stability of linear plasmid pBSSB1 and affects the motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. PLoS One 7:e37462
Zou X, Huang X, Xu S et al (2009) Identification of fljA located on a linear plasmid as a repressor gene of fliC in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Microbiol Immunol 53:191–197
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000076), Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M531278), Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (1202011B), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2011301).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, X., Zhu, Y., Zhang, H. et al. Transcriptional Expression of Six Genes Located on pBSSB1 of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Different Growth Phases and Environmental Stresses. Curr Microbiol 69, 252–257 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-014-0577-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-014-0577-9