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Biofeedback

Stellenwert in der Behandlung von Ess- und Gewichtsstörungen

Biofeedback

Importance in the treatment of eating and weight disorders

  • Schwerpunkt: Psychotherapie bei Essstörungen: Neue Forschungsergebnisse - Übersichten
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Während Biofeedback als wirksamer Behandlungssatz zur Steigerung der Selbstregulation bei diversen psychischen Störungen gilt, gibt es kaum Evidenz für Ess- und Gewichtsstörungen, für die Selbstregulationsschwierigkeiten charakteristisch sind. Im Rahmen dieser Übersichtsarbeit soll die vorhandene Studienlage zur Wirksamkeit von Biofeedback bei Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Binge-Eating-Störung und Adipositas systematisch zusammengefasst werden.

Methode

Eine systematische Suche nach relevanten deutsch- und englischsprachigen Studien erfolgte in verschiedenen Literaturdatenbanken mithilfe festgelegter Suchtermini.

Ergebnisse

Von insgesamt 5 identifizierten Biofeedbackstudien verwendeten 2 Studien die Elektroenzephalographie, 1 Studie die Herzratenvariabilität und 2 Studien die elektrodermale Aktivität. Untersucht wurden nur Übergewicht und Adipositas (2 Studien) sowie Anorexia nervosa (3 Studien). Es zeigte sich, dass Biofeedback zu spezifischen Verbesserungen in der allgemeinen wie auch der Essstörungspsychopathologie führte, nicht jedoch im Gewichtsstatus.

Schlussfolgerung

Wenngleich erste positive Effekte von Biofeedback bei Anorexia nervosa und Adipositas erzielt wurden, sind weitere randomisierte kontrollierte Studien notwendig, um die Wirksamkeit von Biofeedback bei Ess- und Gewichtsstörungen bewerten zu können.

Abstract

Background

While biofeedback proved to be an efficacious treatment in the improvement of self-regulating abilities in a variety of mental disorders, there is a lack of evidence for eating and weight disorders. The present review aims to give a systematic overview about the existing literature on the efficacy of different biofeedback paradigms for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and obesity.

Method

Literature databases were searched using predefined search terms. Relevant German and English studies were identified.

Results

Out of 5 identified biofeedback studies 2 studies used electroencephalography, 1 study was based on heart rate variability and 2 studies were based on electrodermal activity. Studies investigated obesity (2 studies) and anorexia nervosa (3 studies). It was shown that biofeedback had specific effects on general and eating disorder psychopathology but not on weight status.

Conclusion

Although biofeedback was shown to have positive effects in anorexia nervosa and obesity, further randomized controlled studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback in eating and weight disorders.

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Förderung

Diese Studie wurde gefördert vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Förderkennzeichen: 01EO1501.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forschungsbereich Verhaltensmedizin, Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum AdipositasErkrankungen, Selbstständige Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland

    Marie Blume M.Sc.,  Ricarda Schmidt &  Anja Hilbert

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  1. Marie Blume M.Sc.
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  2. Ricarda Schmidt
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  3. Anja Hilbert
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Correspondence to Marie Blume M.Sc..

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Blume, R. Schmidt und A. Hilbert geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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A. Hilbert, Leipzig

S. Vocks, Osnabrück

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Blume, M., Schmidt, R. & Hilbert, A. Biofeedback. Psychotherapeut 62, 204–211 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-017-0193-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-017-0193-9

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