Skip to main content
Log in

Aging and Wound Healing

  • World Progress in Surgery
  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Impaired wound healing in the elderly presents a major clinical and economic problem. With the aging population growing in both number and percentage, the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying age-related impairments in healing is increased. Normal skin exhibits characteristic changes with age that have implications for wound healing. Additionally, the process of wound healing is altered in aged individuals. Although historically healing in the aged was considered defective, there is now consensus that healing in the elderly is delayed but the final result is qualitatively similar to that in young subjects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U.S. Census Bureau. Census 2000. U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, 2000

  2. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Projections Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, 2000

  3. DJ McMahon CW Schwab D Kauder (1996) ArticleTitleComorbidity and the elderly trauma patient World J. Surg. 20 1113–1119 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002689900170 Occurrence Handle8798374

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. PL DuNouy (1916) ArticleTitleThe relation between the age of the patient, the area of the wound, and the index of cicatrisation J. Exp. Med. 24 461–470

    Google Scholar 

  5. A Quirinia A Viidik (1991) ArticleTitleThe influence of age on the healing of normal and ischemic incisional skin wounds Mech. Ageing Dev. 58 221–232 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0047-6374(91)90094-G Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By6A2c3isFU%3D Occurrence Handle1875730

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. GS Ashcroft MA Horan MW Ferguson (1997) ArticleTitleAging is associated with reduced deposition of specific extracellular matrix components, an upregulation of angiogenesis, and an altered inflammatory response in a murine incisional wound healing model J. Invest. Dermatol. 108 430–437 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiB3s3hvFE%3D Occurrence Handle9077470

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. R Virchow (1860) Cellular Pathology John Churchill London

    Google Scholar 

  8. TJ Harrist et al. (1999) The skin E Rubin JL Farber (Eds) Pathology Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia 1236–1299

    Google Scholar 

  9. GJ Fisher et al. (1997) ArticleTitlePathophysiology of premature skin aging induced by ultraviolet light N. Engl. J. Med. 337 1419–1428 Occurrence Handle10.1056/NEJM199711133372003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnsVynurk%3D Occurrence Handle9358139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. BA Gilchrest M Garmyn M Yaar (1994) ArticleTitleAging and photoaging affect gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes Arch. Dermatol. 130 82–86 Occurrence Handle10.1001/archderm.130.1.82 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXktVCjt7o%3D Occurrence Handle8285745

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. JT Whitton JD Everall (1973) ArticleTitleThe thickness of the epidermis Br. J. Dermatol. 89 467–476 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSuD3s3jslI%3D Occurrence Handle4753709

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. RS Kurban J Bhawan (1990) ArticleTitleHistologic changes in skin associated with aging J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 16 908–914 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By6D3snjsVU%3D Occurrence Handle2229632

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. BA Gilchrest GF Murphy NA Soter (1982) ArticleTitleEffect of chronologic aging and ultraviolet irradiation on Langerhans cells in human epidermis J. Invest. Dermatol. 79 85–88 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:Bi2B2c%2FmtlI%3D Occurrence Handle7097040

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. W Montagna K Carlisle (1979) ArticleTitleStructural changes in aging human skin J. Invest. Dermatol. 73 47–53 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSaC1MrltFI%3D Occurrence Handle448177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. ME Swift et al. (2001) ArticleTitleAge-related alterations in the inflammatory response to dermal injury J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 1027–1035 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01539.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtFOlsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11710909

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. EF Bernstein et al. (1996) ArticleTitleLong-term sun exposure alters the collagen of the papillary dermis. Comparison of sun-protected and photoaged skin by northern analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 34 209–218 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BymB38rnvFY%3D Occurrence Handle8642084

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. RM Lavker PS Zheng G Dong (1987) ArticleTitleAged skin: a study by light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy J. Invest. Dermatol. 88 44S–51S Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiiC3sbktVM%3D Occurrence Handle3546515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Y Tsuchida (1993) ArticleTitleThe effect of aging and arteriosclerosis on human skin blood flow J. Dermatol. Sci. 5 175–181 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByuD2MbovFQ%3D Occurrence Handle8241073

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. M Gniadecka J Serup J Sondergaard (1994) ArticleTitleAge-related diurnal changes of dermal oedema: evaluation by high-frequency ultrasound Br. J. Dermatol. 131 849–855 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqC287ivVM%3D Occurrence Handle7857838

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. W Montagna K Carlisle (1990) ArticleTitleStructural changes in ageing skin Br. J. Dermatol. 122 61–70

    Google Scholar 

  21. PE Pochi JS Strauss DT Downing (1979) ArticleTitleAge-related changes in sebaceous gland activity J. Invest. Dermatol. 73 108–111 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXkslagtrY%3D Occurrence Handle448169

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. W Montagna S Kirchner K Carlisle (1989) ArticleTitleHistology of sun-damaged human skin J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 21 907–918 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By%2BD3sjnvVY%3D Occurrence Handle2808826

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. JG Smith et al. (1962) ArticleTitleAlterations in human dermal connective tissue with age and chronic sun damage J. Invest. Dermatol. 39 347–350 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF2cXptlelsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle13993162

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. LA DiPietro et al. (1998) ArticleTitleMIP-1alpha as a critical macrophage chemoattractant in murine wound repair J. Clin. Invest. 101 1693–1698 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXisV2qsL4%3D Occurrence Handle9541500

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. R Ross EP Benditt (1962) ArticleTitleWound healing and collagen formation: fine structure in experimental scurvy J. Cell Biol. 12 533–551 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF38Xkt1GqtLk%3D Occurrence Handle14494203

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. PJ Polverini et al. (1977) ArticleTitleActivated macrophages induce vascular proliferation Nature 269 804–806 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSeD2M7htVU%3D Occurrence Handle927505

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. TK Hunt et al. (1984) ArticleTitleStudies on inflammation and wound healing: angiogenesis and collagen synthesis stimulated in vivo by resident and activated wound macrophages Surgery 96 48–54 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXltVyntbo%3D Occurrence Handle6204395

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. AM Grigorova-Borsos et al. (1988) ArticleTitleAging and diabetes increase the aggregating potency of rat skin collagen towards normal platelets Thromb. Haemost. 60 75–78

    Google Scholar 

  29. EM Silverman AG Silverman (1977) ArticleTitleGranulocyte adherence in the elderly Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 67 49–52 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSiD1cvpslw%3D Occurrence Handle831454

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Y Yonezawa H Kondo TA Nomaguchi (1989) ArticleTitleAge-related changes in serotonin content and its release reaction of rat platelets Mech. Ageing Dev. 47 65–75 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0047-6374(89)90008-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhsVymsL8%3D Occurrence Handle2725070

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. A Rivard et al. (1999) ArticleTitleAge-dependent impairment of angiogenesis Circulation 99 111–120 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnsFCrsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9884387

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. G Doria D Frasca (1994) ArticleTitleRegulation of cytokine production in aging mice Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 741 299–304 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xjslels7s%3D Occurrence Handle7825818

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. WB Ershler ET Keller (2000) ArticleTitleAge-associated increased interleukin-6 gene expression, late-life diseases, and frailty Annu. Rev. Med. 51 245–270 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.245 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisVelsbY%3D Occurrence Handle10774463

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. P Mascarucci et al. (2001) ArticleTitleAge-related changes in cytokine production by leukocytes in rhesus monkeys Aging (Milano). 13 85–94 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkslKqs74%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. L Ginaldi et al. (2001) ArticleTitleChanges in the expression of surface receptors on lymphocyte subsets in the elderly: quantitative flow cytometric analysis Am. J. Hematol. 67 63–72 Occurrence Handle10.1002/ajh.1082 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkt1OitLw%3D Occurrence Handle11343377

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. H Bruunsgaard et al. (2000) ArticleTitleProliferative responses of blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) in a cohort of elderly humans: role of lymphocyte phenotype and cytokine production Clin. Exp. Immunol. 119 433–440 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01146.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitlWmtrg%3D Occurrence Handle10691914

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. TP Plackett et al. (2003) ArticleTitleAging enhances lymphocyte cytokine defects after injury FASEB J. 17 688–689 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXislGmurw%3D Occurrence Handle12594182

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. BJ Cohen D Danon GS Roth (1987) ArticleTitleWound repair in mice as influenced by age and antimacrophage serum J. Gerontol. 42 295–301 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiiC1MngvVI%3D Occurrence Handle3571865

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. D Danon MA Kowatch GS Roth (1989) ArticleTitlePromotion of wound repair in old mice by local injection of macrophages Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86 2018–2020 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiaC1cvlsFw%3D Occurrence Handle2928316

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. ME Swift HK Kleinman LA DiPietro (1999) ArticleTitleImpaired wound repair and delayed angiogenesis in aged mice Lab. Invest. 79 1479–1487 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsVCksw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10616199

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. MJ Reed NS Ferara RB Vernon (2001) ArticleTitleImpaired migration, integrin function, and actin cytoskeletal organization in dermal fibroblasts from a subset of aged human donors Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 1203–1220 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00260-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktVKktb8%3D Occurrence Handle11389933

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. PA Puolakkainen et al. (1995) ArticleTitleThe enhancement in wound healing by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) depends on the topical delivery system J. Surg. Res. 58 321–329 Occurrence Handle10.1006/jsre.1995.1050 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXltlCjtLg%3D Occurrence Handle7885030

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. A Plisko BA Gilchrest (1983) ArticleTitleGrowth factor responsiveness of cultured human fibroblasts declines with age J. Gerontol. 38 513–518 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXmtVKqtbs%3D Occurrence Handle6350414

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. MD West (1994) ArticleTitleThe cellular and molecular biology of skin aging Arch. Dermatol. 130 87–95 Occurrence Handle10.1001/archderm.130.1.87 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXis1Kns78%3D Occurrence Handle8285746

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. SA Bruce SF Deamond (1991) ArticleTitleLongitudinal study of in vivo wound repair and in vitro cellular senescence of dermal fibroblasts Exp. Gerontol. 26 17–27 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0531-5565(91)90058-T Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By6B2srpsV0%3D Occurrence Handle2055280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. GL Grove AM Kligman (1983) ArticleTitleAge-associated changes in human epidermal cell renewal J. Gerontol. 38 137–142 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiyC3snptFc%3D Occurrence Handle6827031

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. EO Butcher J Klingsberg (1963) ArticleTitleAge, gonadectomy and wound healing in palatal mucosa of the rat Oral Surg 16 482–492

    Google Scholar 

  48. RE Billingham PS Russell (1956) ArticleTitleStudies on wound healing with special reference to the phenomenon of contraction in experimental wounds in rabbits’ skin Ann. Surg. 144 961–980 Occurrence Handle13373285

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. AM Cuthbertson (1959) ArticleTitleContraction of full thickness skin wounds in the rat Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 108 421–432 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CyaD28vos1Y%3D Occurrence Handle13635261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. MF Fatah CM Ward (1984) ArticleTitleThe morbidity of split-skin graft donor sites in the elderly: the case for mesh-grafting the donor site Br. J. Plast. Surg. 37 184–190 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiuC2sbntFI%3D Occurrence Handle6370369

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. DR Holt et al. (1992) ArticleTitleEffect of age on wound healing in healthy human beings Surgery 112 293–297 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By2A2M7ivFI%3D Occurrence Handle1641768

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. N Orentreich VJ Salmanowitz (1969) ArticleTitleLevels of biological functions with aging Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2 992–1012

    Google Scholar 

  53. L Strigini T Ryan (1996) ArticleTitleWound healing in elderly human skin Clin. Dermatol. 14 197–206 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0738-081X(95)00155-9 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiD3Mvgt1c%3D Occurrence Handle9117986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. P Holm-Pedersen A Viidik (1972) ArticleTitleTensile properties and morphology of healing wounds in young and old rats Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 6 24–35 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CS2B3sfmslc%3D Occurrence Handle4558200

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. A Passaniti et al. (1992) ArticleTitleA simple, quantitative method for assessing angiogenesis and antiangiogenic agents using reconstituted basement membrane, heparin, and fibroblast growth factor Lab. Invest. 67 519–528 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyD28%2FovF0%3D Occurrence Handle1279270

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. R Pili et al. (1994) ArticleTitleAltered angiogenesis underlying age-dependent changes in tumor growth J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 86 1303–1314 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmsFaksb8%3D Occurrence Handle7520508

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. H Yamaura T Matsuzawa (1980) ArticleTitleDecrease in capillary growth during aging Exp. Gerontol. 15 145–150 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0531-5565(80)90086-8 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:Bi%2BB38vpt1E%3D Occurrence Handle7389834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. WT Arthur et al. (1998) ArticleTitleGrowth factors reverse the impaired sprouting of microvessels from aged mice Microvasc. Res. 55 260–270 Occurrence Handle10.1006/mvre.1998.2078 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvVOku7g%3D Occurrence Handle9657926

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. J Viljanto (1969) ArticleTitleA sponge implantation method for testing connective tissue regeneration in surgical patients Acta Chir. Scand. 135 297–300 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CCaB2sjgtlE%3D Occurrence Handle5805952

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. LS Beck et al. (1993) ArticleTitleOne systemic administration of transforming growth factor-beta 1 reverses age- or glucocorticoid-impaired wound healing J. Clin. Invest. 92 2841–2849 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXks1GrtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle8254038

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. MJ Reed et al. (2000) ArticleTitleA deficit in collagenase activity contributes to impaired migration of aged microvascular endothelial cells J. Cell. Biochem. 77 116–126 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(20000401)77:1<116::AID-JCB12>3.3.CO;2-Z Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhslygtb0%3D Occurrence Handle10679822

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. T Salo et al. (1994) ArticleTitleExpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 during early human wound healing Lab. Invest. 70 176–182 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXktVKgtb8%3D Occurrence Handle8139259

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. AB Wysocki L Staiano-Coico F Grinnell (1993) ArticleTitleWound fluid from chronic leg ulcers contains elevated levels of metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 J. Invest. Dermatol. 101 64–68 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmsVOisLs%3D Occurrence Handle8392530

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. G Zeng AJ Millis (1994) ArticleTitleExpression of 72-kDa gelatinase and TIMP-2 in early and late passage human fibroblasts Exp. Cell Res. 213 148–155 Occurrence Handle10.1006/excr.1994.1184 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXksl2ntrk%3D Occurrence Handle8020585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. AJ Millis et al. (1992) ArticleTitleMetalloproteinase and TIMP-1 gene expression during replicative senescence Exp. Gerontol. 27 425–428 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0531-5565(92)90076-C Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XmtlSqsLk%3D Occurrence Handle1459220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. GS Ashcroft et al. (1997) ArticleTitleAge-related differences in the temporal and spatial regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in normal skin and acute cutaneous wounds of healthy humans Cell Tissue Res. 290 581–591 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004410050963 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnsVChu7g%3D Occurrence Handle9369533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. GS Ashcroft et al. (1997) ArticleTitleHuman ageing impairs injury-induced in vivo expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 proteins and mRNA J. Pathol. 183 169–176 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199710)183:2<169::AID-PATH915>3.0.CO;2-Q Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntVSkt7k%3D Occurrence Handle9390029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. D Platt W Ruhl (1972) ArticleTitleAn age-dependent determination of lysosomal enzyme activities, as well as the measurements on the incorporation of 14-C-proline and 14-C-glucosamine in a subcutaneously implanted polyether sponge Gerontologia 18 96–112 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXmvFGntw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle4647195

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. S Younai et al. (1994) ArticleTitleModulation of collagen synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta in keloid and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts Ann. Plast. Surg. 33 148–151 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqD28bnsFM%3D Occurrence Handle7979045

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. M Shah DM Foreman MW Ferguson (1992) ArticleTitleControl of scarring in adult wounds by neutralising antibody to transforming growth factor beta Lancet 339 213–214 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0140-6736(92)90009-R Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By2C3Mvls1I%3D Occurrence Handle1346175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. EL Howes SC Harvey (1932) ArticleTitleThe age factor in the velocity of the growth of fibroblasts in the healing wound J. Exp. Med. 55 557–590

    Google Scholar 

  72. MD Sussman (1973) ArticleTitleAging of connective tissue: physical properties of healing wounds in young and old rats Am. J. Physiol. 224 1167–1171 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSyC28jgvFw%3D Occurrence Handle4700635

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. PH Sandbloom P Petersen A Muren (1953) ArticleTitleDetermination of the tensile strength of the healing wound as a clinical test Acta Chir. Scand. 105 252–257 Occurrence Handle13079510

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. NA Halasz (1968) ArticleTitleDehiscence of laparotomy wounds Am. J. Surg. 116 210–214 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CCeH3cvivVM%3D Occurrence Handle5675277

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. CB Mendoza SuffixJr RW Postlethwait WD Johnson (1970) ArticleTitleVeterans Administration cooperative study of surgery for duodenal ulcer. II. Incidence of wound disruption following operation Arch. Surg. 101 396–398 Occurrence Handle4914716

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. S Capewell et al. (1990) ArticleTitlePurpura and dermal thinning associated with high dose inhaled corticosteroids BMJ 300 1548–1551 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By%2BA383gsVM%3D Occurrence Handle2372620

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. SV Pollack (1984) ArticleTitleSystemic drugs and nutritional aspects of wound healing Clin. Dermatol. 2 68–80 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BimC287itFE%3D Occurrence Handle6545768

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. JP Neifeld HM Lee NE Hutcher (1975) ArticleTitleLack of effect of vitamin A on corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression J. Surg. Res. 19 225–228 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28XlsFCjsrY%3D Occurrence Handle1102787

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. FO Stephens et al. (1971) ArticleTitleEffect of cortisone and vitamin A on wound infection Am. J. Surg. 121 569–571 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3MXktleku7k%3D Occurrence Handle5557766

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. DR Thomas (1997) ArticleTitleThe role of nutrition in prevention and healing of pressure ulcers Clin. Geriatr. Med. 13 497–511 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiA2s3hvFE%3D Occurrence Handle9227941

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. SW Ueng et al. (1997) ArticleTitleEffect of intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation on tibial lengthening: experimental study on rabbits J. Trauma 42 231–238 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiC1MrltVQ%3D Occurrence Handle9042873

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. KN Broadley et al. (1989) ArticleTitleMonospecific antibodies implicate basic fibroblast growth factor in normal wound repair Lab. Invest. 61 571–575 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXjtVyqsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle2811305

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. TA Mustoe et al. (1987) ArticleTitleAccelerated healing of incisional wounds in rats induced by transforming growth factor-beta Science 237 1333–1336 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXls12msr4%3D Occurrence Handle2442813

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. GS Ashcroft et al. (1997) ArticleTitleEstrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing associated with an increase in TGF-beta1 levels Nat. Med. 3 1209–1215 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntFagt7g%3D Occurrence Handle9359694

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. GS Ashcroft SJ Mills (2002) ArticleTitleAndrogen receptor-mediated inhibition of cutaneous wound healing J. Clin. Invest. 110 615–624 Occurrence Handle10.1172/JCI200215704 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xmslyitr0%3D Occurrence Handle12208862

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. V Falanga (1992) ArticleTitleGrowth factors and chronic wounds: the need to understand the microenvironment J. Dermatol. 19 667–672 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXisFagsro%3D Occurrence Handle1293152

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. V Falanga (1993) ArticleTitleChronic wounds: pathophysiologic and experimental considerations J. Invest. Dermatol. 100 721–725 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyB28%2FislI%3D Occurrence Handle8491995

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. L Wu TA Mustoe (1995) ArticleTitleEffect of ischemia on growth factor enhancement of incisional wound healing Surgery 117 570–576 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqB2MfptlI%3D Occurrence Handle7740429

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. GF Pierce et al. (1989) ArticleTitleTransforming growth factor beta reverses the glucocorticoid-induced wound-healing deficit in rats: possible regulation in macrophages by platelet-derived growth factor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86 2229–2233 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXitVKmsb0%3D Occurrence Handle2928327

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. TA Mustoe et al. (1989) ArticleTitleReversal of impaired wound healing in irradiated rats by platelet-derived growth factor-BB Am. J. Surg. 158 345–350 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By%2BD38vgvFQ%3D Occurrence Handle2508504

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. L Wu et al. (1999) ArticleTitleTransforming growth factor-beta1 fails to stimulate wound healing and impairs its signal transduction in an aged ischemic ulcer model: importance of oxygen and age Am. J. Pathol. 154 301–309 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00440-3 Occurrence Handle9916944

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. JE Mogford et al. (2002) ArticleTitleEffect of age and hypoxia on TGFbeta1 receptor expression and signal transduction in human dermal fibroblasts: impact on cell migration J. Cell. Physiol. 190 259–265 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jcp.10060 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjt1Cqtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11807830

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. MJ Reed T Koike P Puolakkainen (2003) ArticleTitleWound repair in aging. A review Meth. Mol. Med. 78 217–237 Occurrence Handle10.1385/1-59259-332-1:217 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmvVaqu7o%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments.

This work was supported by grants GM50875 and GM55238 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A.G. is supported by the NIH T32-GM08750 Training Grant in Trauma and Burn Research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gosain, A., DiPietro, L. Aging and Wound Healing. World J. Surg. 28, 321–326 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-003-7397-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-003-7397-6

Keywords

Navigation