Abstract
Purpose
We attempted to determine the effect of immediate post-operative knee range of motion (ROM) photographs on improving ROM after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methods
Sixty patients, scheduled for unilateral primary TKA, were randomized into two groups. The photo group (n = 30) were immediately shown post-TKA knee ROM photographs as motivation for rehabilitation. The non-photo group (n = 30) received identical post-operative pain control and rehabilitation programs. Post-operative knee ROM and Knee Society Scores (KSS) at day three, six weeks, three months, six months, one year, and two years were evaluated. Outcome assessors were blinded to the groups during the study.
Results
Patients in the photo group had better knee flexion on day three (99.9° ± 15.3°, 95% confidence interval (CI) 94.1-105.7° vs. 92.3° ± 11.4°, 95% CI 87.9-96.8°; p = 0.038) and at six weeks (120.9° ± 13.4°, 95% CI 115.7-126.0° vs. 112.5° ± 13.6°, 95% CI 107.2-117.8°; p = 0.023); however, there were no differences in range of flexion beyond six weeks post-operatively. Knee extension did not significantly differ throughout. Clinical KSS was significantly higher in the photo group at six weeks (90.7° ± 6.2° vs. 86.6° ± 6.4°, p = 0.017). Functional KSS showed no differences between groups during follow-up.
Conclusion
Showing knee ROM photographs seemed to result in significant improvement of knee flexion and clinical KSS in the first 6 weeks post-TKA and may be recommended as part of post-TKA rehabilitation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Miner AL, Lingard EA, Wright EA, Sledge CB, Katz JN (2003) Knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty: how important is this as an outcome measure? J Arthroplast 18(3):286–294. https://doi.org/10.1054/arth.2003.50046
Ritter MA, Campbell ED (1987) Effect of range of motion on the success of a total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast 2(2):95–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-5403(87)80015-3
Kurosaka M, Yoshiya S, Mizuno K, Yamamoto T (2002) Maximizing flexion after total knee arthroplasty: the need and the pitfalls. J Arthroplast 17(4 Suppl 1):59–62. https://doi.org/10.1054/arth.2002.32688
Devers BN, Conditt MA, Jamieson ML, Driscoll MD, Noble PC, Parsley BS (2011) Does greater knee flexion increase patient function and satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty? J Arthroplast 26(2):178–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2010.02.008
Ha CW, Park YB, Song YS, Kim JH, Park YG (2016) Increased range of motion is important for functional outcome and satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty in Asian patients. J Arthroplast 31(6):1199–1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2015.12.018
Park KK, Chang CB, Kang YG, Seong SC, Kim TK (2007) Correlation of maximum flexion with clinical outcome after total knee replacement in Asian patients. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 89(5):604–608. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.89b5.18117
Gatha NM, Clarke HD, Fuchs R, Scuderi GR, Insall JN (2004) Factors affecting postoperative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty. J Knee Surg 17(4):196–202. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1248221
Harvey IA, Barry K, Kirby SP, Johnson R, Elloy MA (1993) Factors affecting the range of movement of total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 75(6):950–955
Lizaur A, Marco L, Cebrian R (1997) Preoperative factors influencing the range of movement after total knee arthroplasty for severe osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 79(4):626–629. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.79b4.7242
Ritter MA, Harty LD, Davis KE, Meding JB, Berend ME (2003) Predicting range of motion after total knee arthroplasty. Clustering, log-linear regression, and regression tree analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85(7):1278–1285. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200307000-00014
Bengs BC, Scott RD (2006) The effect of patellar thickness on intraoperative knee flexion and patellar tracking in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast 21(5):650–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2005.07.020
Dennis DA (2001) The stiff total knee arthroplasty: causes and cures. Orthopedics 24(9):901–902
Figgie HE 3rd, Goldberg VM, Heiple KG, Moller HS 3rd, Gordon NH (1986) The influence of tibial-patellofemoral location on function of the knee in patients with the posterior stabilized condylar knee prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68(7):1035–1040
Cai L, Liu Y, Xu H, Xu Q, Wang Y, Lyu P (2018) Incidence and risk factors of kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty in Zhengzhou, China: a cross-sectional study. J Arthroplast 33(9):2858–2862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2018.04.028
Cheuy VA, Foran JRH, Paxton RJ, Bade MJ, Zeni JA, Stevens-Lapsley JE (2017) Arthrofibrosis associated with total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast 32(8):2604–2611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2017.02.005
Cooper DE, DeLee JC (1994) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2(2):79–86. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-199403000-00001
Schiavone Panni A, Cerciello S, Vasso M, Tartarone M (2009) Stiffness in total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Traumatol 10(3):111–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10195-009-0054-6
Vlaeyen JW, Kole-Snijders AM, Boeren RG, van Eek H (1995) Fear of movement/(re) injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain 62(3):363–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(94)00279-n
Gandhi R, de Beer J, Leone J, Petruccelli D, Winemaker M, Adili A (2006) Predictive risk factors for stiff knees in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast 21(1):46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2005.06.004
Zeng C, Melberg MW, Tavel HM, Argosino SE, Kiepe DA, Lyons EE, Ford MA, Steiner CA (2020) Development and validation of a model for predicting rehabilitation care location among patients discharged home after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast 35(7):1840–1846. e1842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2020.02.032
Pua Y-H, Poon CL-L, Seah FJ-T, Thumboo J, Clark RA, Tan M-H, Chong H-C, Tan JW-M, Chew ES-X, Yeo S-J (2019) Predicting individual knee range of motion, knee pain, and walking limitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop 90(2):179–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2018.1560647
Naylor JM, Ko V, Adie S, Gaskin C, Walker R, Harris IA, Mittal R (2011) Validity and reliability of using photography for measuring knee range of motion: a methodological study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 12:77. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-12-77
Chen H, Li S, Ruan T, Liu L, Fang L (2018) Is it necessary to perform prehabilitation exercise for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phys Sportsmed 46(1):36–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1403274
McCoy CE (2017) Understanding the intention-to-treat principle in randomized controlled trials. West J Emerg Med 18(6):1075–1078. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2017.8.35985
Brekke AC, Noble PC, Parsley BS, Mathis KB (2012) Scoring systems and their validation for the arthritic knee. In
Insall JN, Dorr LD, Scott RD, Scott WN (1989) Rationale of the Knee Society clinical rating system. Clin Orthop Relat Res 248:13–14
Rutherford RW, Jennings JM, Dennis DA (2017) Enhancing recovery after total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am 48(4):391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2017.05.002
Matassi F, Duerinckx J, Vandenneucker H, Bellemans J (2014) Range of motion after total knee arthroplasty: the effect of a preoperative home exercise program. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 22(3):703–709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-2349-z
Mauerhan DR, Mokris JG, Ly A, Kiebzak GM (1998) Relationship between length of stay and manipulation rate after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast 13(8):896–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-5403(98)90196-6
McGinn T, Chughtai M, Khlopas A, Grasmick P, Mullaji AB, Harwin SF, Bhave A, Mont MA (2017) Early outpatient physical therapy may improve range-of-motion in primary total knee arthroplasty. J Knee Surg 30(7):618–621. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603793
Harvey LA, Brosseau L, Herbert RD (2014) Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):Cd004260. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004260.pub3
Franklin PD, Li W, Ayers DC (2008) The Chitranjan Ranawat Award: functional outcome after total knee replacement varies with patient attributes. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466(11):2597–2604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0428-8
Brown ML, Plate JF, Von Thaer S, Fino NF, Smith BP, Seyler TM, Lang JE (2016) Decreased range of motion after total knee arthroplasty is predicted by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. J Arthroplast 31(4):793–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2015.10.037
Lizaur-Utrilla A, Gonzalez-Parreño S, Martinez-Mendez D, Miralles-Muñoz FA, Lopez-Prats FA (2020) Minimal clinically important differences and substantial clinical benefits for Knee Society Scores. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 28(5):1473–1478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-019-05543-x
Acknowledgments
We thank D Kim Liwiski for reviewing the article and helping with the language. We also thank all participants for providing the data used in this study.
Funding
Our institution provided all funding for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pinsornsak, P., Kanitnate, S. & Boontanapibul, K. The effect of immediate post-operative knee range of motion photographs on post-operative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 45, 101–107 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-020-04877-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-020-04877-3