Abstract
Diatom algae realize highly intriguing processes of biosynthesis of siliceous structures in living cells under moderate conditions. Investigation of diatom physiology is complicated by frustule (siliceous exoskeleton). Frustules consist of valves and girdle bands which are adhered to each other by means of organic substances. Removal of the frustule from the lipid membrane of diatom cells would open new possibilities for study of silicon metabolism in diatoms. We found that submillimeter laser irradiation produced by a free-electron laser causes splitting of diatom frustules without destruction of cell content. This finding opens the way to direct study of diatom cell membrane and to isolation of cell organelles, including silica deposition vesicles. We suppose that the dissection action of the submillimeter irradiation results from unusual ultrasonic waves produced by the short (30–100 ps) but high-power (1 MW) terahertz laser impulses at 5.6 MHz frequency.
References
Alexandrov BS, Rasmussen KØ, Bishop AR, Usheva A, Alexandrov LB, Chong S, Dagon Y, Booshehri LG, Mielke CH, Phipps ML, Martinez JS, Chen H-T, Rodriguez G (2011) Non-thermal effects of terahertz radiation on gene expression in mouse stem cells. Biomed Opt Express 2:2679–2689. doi:10.1364/BOE.2.002679
Annenkov VV, Danilovtseva EN, Zelinskiy SN, Basharina TN, Safonova TA, Korneva ES, Likhoshway YeV, Grachev MA (2010) Novel fluorescent dyes based on oligopropylamines for the in vivo staining of eukaryotic unicellular algae. Anal Biochem 407:44–51. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2010.07.032
Annenkov VV, Danilovtseva EN, Pal’shin VA, Aseyev VO, Petrov AK, Kozlov AS, Patwardhan SV, Perry CC (2011) Poly (vinyl amine)-silica composite nanoparticles: models of the silicic acid cytoplasmic pool and as a silica precursor for composite materials formation. Biomacromolecules 12:1772–1780. doi:10.1021/bm2001457
Büchel C, Wilhelm C (1993) Isolation and characterization of a photosystem I-associated antenna (LHC I) and a photosystem I-core complex from the chlorophyll c-containing alga Pleurochloris meiringensis (Xanthophyceae). J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol 20:87–93. doi:10.1016/1011-1344(93)80136-W
Büchel C (2003) Fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins in diatoms: 18 and 19 kDa subunits assemble into different oligomeric states. Biochemistry 42:13027–13034. doi:10.1021/bi0349468
Chaplin M (2012) Water Structure and Science. London South Bank University. http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/index2.html. Accessed 23 April 2013
Dehoux T, Zouani OF, Audoin B, Durrieu M-C (2013) Listening to cells: a non-contact optoacoustic nanoprobe. Biophys J 104:193a. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.1089
Drum RW, Pankratz HS (1964) Post mitotic fine structure of Gomphinema parvulum. J Ultra Res 10:217–223. doi:10.1016/S0022-5320(64)80006-X
Gavrilov NG, Knyazev BA, Kolobanov EI, Kotenkov VV, Kubarev VV, Kulipanov GN, Matveenko AN, Medvedev LE, Miginsky SV, Mironenko LA, Oreshkov AD, Ovchar VK, Popik VM, Salikova TV, Scheglov MA, Serednyakov SS, Shevchenko OA, Skrinsky AN, Tcheskidov VG, Vinokurov NA (2007) Status of the Novosibirsk high-power terahertz FEL. Nucl Instrum Meth A 575:54–57. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.023
Hale GM, Querry MR (1973) Optical constants of water in the 200 nm to 200 μm wavelength region. Appl Opt 12:555–563. doi:10.1364/AO.12.000555
Hildebrand M, Volcani BE, Gassmann W, Schroeder JI (1997) A gene family of silicon transporters. Nature 385:688–689. doi:10.1038/385688b0
Kozlov AS, Petrov AK, Kulipanov GN, Aseyev V (2010) A novel method of probing the fractional composition of nanosystems. KONA Powder Part J 28:219–226
Mehard CW, Sullivan CW, Azam F, Volcani BE (1974) Role of silicon in diatom metabolism. IV. Subcellular localization of silicon and germanium in Nitzschia alba and Cylindrotheca fusiformis. Physiol Plant 30:265–272. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb03654.x
Munzarova AF, Zelentsov EL, Kozlov AS (2013) The influence of terahertz laser radiation on aggregation of erythrocytes from the healthy blood. Vestnik NSU (in press)
Nagao R, Moriguchi A, Tomo T, Niikura A, Nakajima S, Suzuki T, Okumura A, Iwai M, Shen JR, Ikeuchi M, Enami I (2010) Binding and functional properties of five extrinsic proteins in oxygen-evolving photosystem II from a marine centric diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis. J Biol Chem 285:29191–29199. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.146092
Olshevskaya JS, Kozlov AS, Petrov AK, Zapara TA, Ratushnyak AS (2009) Influence of terahertz (submillimeter) laser radiation on neurons in vitro. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat I P Pavlova 59:353–359
Petrov AK, Kozlov AS, Malyshkin SB, Taraban MB, Popik VM, Scheglov MA, Goriachkovskaya TN, Peltek SE (2007) Nondestructive transfer of complex molecular systems of various origin into aerosol phase by means of submillimeter irradiation of free electron laser (FEL) of Siberian center for photochemical research. Nucl Instrum Meth A 575:68–71. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.026
Pickett-Heaps JD, Schmid A-MM, Edgar LA (1990) The cell biology of diatom valve formation. Progr Phycol Res 7:1–168
Reimann BEF (1964) Deposition of silica inside a diatom cell. Exp Cell Res 34:605–608. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(64)90248-4
Rossignol N, Moan R, Jaouen P, Robert J-M, Quéméneur F (1999) Continuous high-pressure disruption of marine diatom Haslea ostrearia. Assessment by laser diffraction particle sizer. Biotechnol Tech 13:909–913. doi:10.1023/A:1008975527835
Szabó M, Lepetit B, Goss R, Wilhelm C, Mustárdy L, Garab G (2008) Structurally flexible macro-organization of the pigment–protein complexes of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Photosynth Res 95:237–245. doi:10.1007/s11120-007-9252-3
Thompson AS, Rhodes JC, Pettman I (1988) Culture collections of algae and protozoa. Catalogue of strains. Titus Wilson & Son, Kendal
Tsuji T, Yanagita T (1981) Improved fluorescent microscopy for measuring the standing stock of phytoplankton including fragile components. Mar Biol 64:207–211. doi:10.1007/BF00397110
Winkler U, Stabenau H (1995) Isolation and characterization of peroxisomes from diatoms. Planta 195:403–407. doi:10.1007/BF00202598
Acknowledgments
The study was partially supported by project #11-04-00707-a of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. We deeply appreciate Prof. M. A. Grachev for the ideas that stimulated this work.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Annenkov, V.V., Kozlov, A.S., Danilovtseva, E.N. et al. Dissection of the frustules of the diatom Synedra acus under the action of picosecond impulses of submillimeter laser irradiation. Eur Biophys J 42, 587–590 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-013-0913-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-013-0913-1