Organochlorine and Heavy Metal Contaminants in Wild Mink in Western Northwest Territories, Canada

Abstract.

The mink (Mustela vison) is a top trophic level species that readily bioaccumulates environmental pollutants and is considered to be a sensitive indicator of ecosystem health. Spatial trends in levels of organochlorine and heavy metal contaminant burdens were determined from 1991 to 1995 for wild mink from western Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. Tissue samples from 207 mink from seven communities were analyzed for residues of 63 organochlorines and 10 heavy metals. All groups of organochlorines were detected in mink livers at relatively low levels; maximum community means were 9.52 ng/g ΣDDT and 73.07 ng/g ΣPCB (sum of 43 congeners). There was a general trend of decreasing organochlorine burdens along a northerly or westerly gradient for some groups of compounds, primarily ΣDDT, ΣPCB, Σchlordane and dieldrin. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) of mink liver tissue were low, with the maximum community mean of 0.28 pg/g wet weight (5.5 pg/g lipid weight). Levels of heavy metal burdens in liver and kidney tissues were found to be relatively low, with the exception of Hg, which was found at moderate levels. There was no obvious geographic trend to the pattern of heavy metal burdens. The available evidence suggests that long-range atmospheric transport is the main source of the organochlorine contaminants observed. Local conditions (geology, water and soil chemistry, diet, etc.) may determine heavy metal burdens. Levels of contaminants in NWT mink appear to be one to two orders of magnitude lower than levels observed to cause reproductive impairment, reduced survival of kits, or lethality in adult mink. In the western NWT mink may be the best indicator to assess trends in environmental contaminants and ecosystem health; periodic monitoring is recommended.