Abstract
Aspects of the reproductive biology of the common shrimp Crangon crangon (L.) were studied in Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man, Irish Sea. Size at sexual maturity was determined from the proportions of ovigerous females and of females with maturing ovaries. The size at which 50% of females are mature is estimated (±95% confidence intervals) as 12.5±0.48 mm carapace length. Based on the proportions of ovigerous females and of mature females, the main breeding season was from January to June. Mean ovarian dry weights indicated two broods (winter and summer), with females bearing winter broods (WB) having higher gonad indices than those with summer broods (SB). WB females with non-eyed eggs and with eyed eggs differed in the regression of ovarian dry weight on carapace length, indicating preparation for laying a second brood. In both broods the moult stages of berried females were related to egg stage. Moulting will occur following the release of the brood. During embryonic development, mean egg length and egg volume were larger in all stages, and the mean dry weight of individual eggs of all stages heavier, in WB than in SB; there was no difference in egg number, however. Consequently, reproductive investment, the proportion of female weight devoted to egg production, was 67% higher in WB (0.20±0.04) than in SB (0.12±0.03). There is a significant effect of egg volume on brood weight, but not on egg number. In both broods, egg number was a negatively allometric function of female body size in non-eyed eggs and an isometric function of female body size in eyed eggs. Brood mortality during incubation was higher in SB (17%) than WB (10%). Differences in the reproductive variables and investment between the two broods of C. crangon are discussed in the light of reproductive strategies and life history.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aiken DE, Waddy SL (1980) Reproductive biology. In: Cobb JS, Philips BF (eds) The biology and management of lobsters, vol 2. Ecology and management. Academic, New York, pp 215–276
Allen JA (1960) On the biology of Crangon allmani Kinahan in Northumberland waters. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 39:481–508
Allen JA (1966) The dynamics and interrelations of mixed population of Caridea found off the North-East coast of England. In: Barnes H (ed) Some Contemporary Studies in Marine Science. George Allen and Unwin, London, pp 45–66
Annala JH, McKoy JL, Booth JD, Pike RB (1980) Size at the onset of sexual maturity in female Jasus edwarsii (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in New Zealand. NZ J Mar Freshwater Res 14:217–227
Balasundaram C, Pandian TJ (1982) Egg loss during incubation in Macrobrachium nobilii (Henderson & Mathai). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 59:289–299
Barnes H, Barnes H (1965) Egg size, nauplius size, and their variation with local, geographical, and specific factors in some common cirripeds. J Anim Ecol 34:390–402
Belk D (1977) Evolution of egg size strategies in fairy shrimps. Southwest Nat 22:99–105
Boddeke R (1982) The occurrence of “winter” and “summer” eggs in the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and the impact on recruitment. Neth J Sea Res 16:151–162
Boddeke R, Bosschieter JR, Goudswaard PC (1991) Sex change, mating and sperm transfer in Crangon crangon (L.). In: Bauer RT, Martin JW (eds) Crustacean sexual biology. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 164–182
Bomirski A, Klęk E (1974) Action of eyestalks on the ovary in Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Crangon crangon (Crustacea: Decapoda). Mar Biol 24:329–337
Broekhuysen GJ (1936) On development, growth and distribution of Carcinides maenas (L.). Arch Neerl Zool 2:257–399
Campbell A (1985) Application of a yield and egg-per-recruit model to the lobster fishery in the Bay of Fundy. North Am J Fish Manag 5:91–104
Campbell A, Robinson DG (1983) Reproductive potential of three American lobster (Homarus americanus) stocks in the Canadian Maritimes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:1958–1967
Choy SC (1988) Reproductive biology of Liocarcinus puber and L. holsatus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) from the Gower Peninsula, South Wales. Mar Ecol 9:227–241
Clarke A (1987) Temperature, latitude and reproductive effort. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 38:89–99
Clarke A (1993a) Egg size and egg composition in polar shrimps (Caridea; Decapoda) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 168:189–203
Clarke A (1993b) Reproductive trade-offs in caridean shrimps. Func Ecol 7:411–419
Clarke A, Skadsheim A, Holmes LJ (1985) Lipid biochemistry and reproductive biology in two species of Gammaridae (Crustacea; Amphipoda). Mar Biol 88:247–263
Clarke A, Hopkins CCE, Nilssen EM (1991) Egg size and reproductive output in the deep water prawn Pandalus borealis Krϕyer, 1838. Funct Ecol 5:724–730
Corey S (1987) Reproductive strategies and comparative fecundity of Crangon septemspinosa Say (Decapoda, Caridea). Crustaceana 52:25–28
Corey S, Reid DM (1991) Comparative fecundity of decapod crustaceans. I. The fecundity of thirty-three species of nine families of caridean shrimp. Crustaceana 60:270–294
Cushing DH (1996) Towards a science of recruitment in fish populations. In Kinne O (ed) Exellence in ecology. Book 7. Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, pp 1–175
Davis CC (1968) Mechanisms of hatching in aquatic invertebrate eggs. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 6:325–376
Ehrenbaum E (1890) Zur Naturgeschichte von Crangon vulgaris Fabr. Sonderbeilage der Mitt. der Sektion f. Küsten und Hochseefischerei des Deutschen Fischerei Vereins Moeser, Berlin, pp 9–124
Evans S (1983) Production, predation and food niche segregation in a marine shallow soft bottom community. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 10:147–157
Evans S (1984) Energy budgets and predation impact of dominant epibenthic carnivores on a shallow soft bottom community at the Swedish west coast. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 18:651–672
FAO (1997) Fisheries statistics. FAO, Rome, Italy
Fonseca-Larios ME, Briones-Fourzán P (1998) Fecundity of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) in the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Bull Mar Sci 63:21–32
Garcia A (1985) Varación estacional en la fecunidad de la langosta Panulirus inflatus (Bouvier, 1895) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae). Ciencias Marinas 11:7–27
Gibson RN, Yin MC, Robb L (1995) The behavioural basis of predator-prey size relationships between shrimp (Crangon crangon) and juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). J Mar Biol Assoc UK 75:337–349
Giese AC (1959) Comparative physiology: annual reproductive cycles of marine invertebrates. Annu Rev Physiol 21:547–576
González Gurriarán E (1981) La nécora Macropipus puber (L.) (Decapoda, Portunidae) en los polinginos de bateas de la Ría de Arousa: Contribución al estudio de su biologia. Doctoral thesis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, pp 1–62
González Gurriarán E (1985) Reproducion de la nécora Macropipus puber (L.) (Decapoda, Brachyura), y ciclo reproductivo en la Ría de Arousa (Galicia, N. W. España). Bol Inst Esp Oceanogr 2:10–32
Haefner PA, Spaargaren DH (1993) Interactions of ovary and hepatopancreas during the reproductive cycle of Crangon crangon (L.). 1. Weight and volume relationships. J Crust Biol 13:523–531
Hartnoll RG (1985) Growth, sexual maturity and reproductive output. In: Wenner AM (ed) Crustacean Issues. 3. Factors in adult growth. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 101–128
Havinga B (1930) Der Grant (Crangon vulgaris Fabr.) in den hollandischen Gewässern. J Con Int Exp Mer 5:57–87
Henderson PA, Holmes RHA (1987) On the population biology of the common shrimp Crangon crangon (L.) (Crustacea: Caridea) in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 67:825–847
Hines AH (1982) Allometric constraints and variables of reproductive effort in brachyuran crabs. Mar Biol 69:309–320
Hines AH (1988) Fecundity and reproductive output in two species of deep-sea crabs, Geryon fenneri and G. quinquedens (Decapoda: Brachyura). J Crust Biol 8: 557–562
Hong SY, Oh CW (1989) Ecology of the sand shrimp, Crangon affinis in the Nakdong River estuary, Korea. Bull Korean Fish Soc 22:351–362
Hunter DA, Uglow RF (1998) Setal development and moult staging in the shrimp Crangon crangon (L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Crangonidae). Ophelia 49:195–209
Ito H (1978) On the distribution and the life history of a side striped shrimp, Pandalopsis japonica Balss, in the Japan Sea. Bull Jpn Sea Reg Fish Res Lab 29:75–89
Jensen JP (1958) The relation between body size and number of eggs in marine malacostrakes. Meddr Danm Fisk-og Havunders, Ny Serie 2:1–25
Kensler CB (1967) Size at maturity in female of the spiny lobster Jasus verreauxi (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae). NZ J Mar Freshwater Res 1:327–340
Klek-Kawinska E, Bomirski A (1975) Ovary inhibiting hormone activity in shrimp (Crangon crangon) eyestalks during the annual reproductive cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 25:9–13
Kuipers BR, Dapper R (1984) Nursery function of Wadden Sea tidal flats for the brown shrimp Crangon crangon. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 17:171–181
Kurata H (1957) The biology of the prawn, Pandalus hypsinotus. J Hokkaido Fish Exp Station (Hokusuishi Geppo) 14:8–21
Kuris AM (1991) A review of patterns and causes of crustacean brood mortality. In: Wenner A, Kuris A (eds) Crustacean Issues. 7. Crustacean egg production. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 117–141
Kuris AM, Wickam DE (1987) Effect of nemertean egg predators on crustaceans. Bull Mar Sci 41:151–164
Labat JP (1984) Cycle de vie de Philocheras trispinosus (Hailstone) (Crangonidae: Decapoda) dans la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer (Méditerranée nord-occidentale). Vie Milieu 34:9–16
Lawrence JM, McClintock JB, Guille A (1984) Organic level and caloric content of eggs of brooding asteriods and an echinoid (Echinodermata) from Kerguelen (South Indian Ocean). Int J Invertebr Reprod (Amsterdam) 7:249–257
LIoyd A, Yonge CM (1947) The biology of Crangon crangon L. in the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 26:626–661
Mashiko K (1992) Genetic egg and clutch size variations in freshwater prawn populations. Oikos 63:454–458
Mashiko K, Kawabata S, Okino T (1991) Reproductive and population characteristics of a few caridean shrimps, collected from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. Arch Hydrobiol 122:69–78
Mauchline J (1973) The broods of British Mysidacea (Crustacea). J Mar Biol Assoc UK 53:801–817
McClintock JB, Pearse JS (1986) Organic and energetic content of eggs and juveniles of Antarctic echinoids and asteriods with lecithrophic development. Comp Biochem Physiol 85A: 341–345
McConaugh JR (1985) Nutrition and larval growth. In: Wenner AM (ed) Crustacean Issues. 2. Larval growth. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 127–154
McEdward LR (1986) Comparative morphometrics of echinoderm larvae. I. Some relationships between egg size and initial larval form in echinoids. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 96: 251–256
Meixner R (1969) Wachstum, Häutung und Fortpflanzung von Crangon crangon (L.) bei Einzelaufzucht. Ber Dtsch Wiss Komm Meeresforsch 20:93–111
Meredith SS (1952) A study of Crangon vulgaris in the Liverpool Bay area. Proc Trans Liverp Biol Soc 58:75–109
Meyer PF (1935) Wachstums-und Altersuntersuchungen an der Nordseekrabbe (Granat) Crangon vulgaris Fabr. Zool Anz 3:142–152
Mizushima T, Omi H (1979) Egg-laying period, hatching period and sexual behaviour of the prawn, Pandalus kessleri, in Notsuke Bay, Hokkaido. J Hokkaido Fish Exp Station 36:53–63
Mizushima T, Omi H (1982) Growth and sexual phases of the shrimp, Pandalus kessleri Czerniavski, in Notsuke Bay, Hokkaido, with special reference to the two types of growth. Sci Rep Hokkaido Fish Exp Station 24:15–27
Morizur Y, Conan G, Guenole A, Omnes MH (1981) Fecundité de Nephrops norvegicus dans le golfe de Gascogne. Mar Biol 63:319–324
Muller A (1968) Die Nahrung junger Plattfische in der Nord- und Ostsee. Kiel Meeresforsch 24:124–143
Nash RDM, Geffen AJ, Hughes G (1994) Individual growth of juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) on a small Irish sea nursery ground (Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man, UK). Neth J Sea Res 32:369–378
Natsukari Y, Iwasaki M (1987) Fecundity of the sand shrimp, Crangon affinis. Bull Fac Fish Nagasaki Univ 61:1–5
Nishino M (1980) Geographical variation in body size, brood size and egg size of a freshwater shrimp, Palaemon paucidens de Haan with some discussion on brood habit. Jpn J Limnol 41:185–202
Nishino M (1981) Brood habits of two subspecies of a freshwater shrimp, Paratya compressa (Decapoda: Atyidae) and their geographical variations. Jpn J Limnol 42:202–219
Oh CW, Hartnoll RG (1999a) Size at sexual maturity, reproductive output and seasonal reproduction of Philocheras trispinosus (Hailstone, 1835) (Crustacea: Decapoda) on Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man. J Crust Biol 19:252–259
Oh CW, Hartnoll RG (1999b) Brood loss during incubation in Philocheras trispinosus (Hailstone, 1835) (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man. J Crust Biol 19:467–476
Oh CW, Hartnoll RG, Nash RDM (1999) Population dynamics of the common shrimp, Crangon crangon (L.) in Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man, Irish Sea. ICES J Mar Sci 56:718–733
Ohtomi J (1997) Reproductive biology and growth of the deep-water Pandalid shrimp Plesionika semilaevis (Decapoda: Caridea). J Crust Biol 17:81–89
Pandian TJ (1967) Changes in chemical composition and caloric content of developing eggs of the shrimp Crangon crangon. Helgol Wiss Meeresunters 16:216–224
Pandian TJ (1970a) Yolk utilization and hatching time in the Canadian lobster Homarus americanus. Mar Biol 7:249–254
Pandian TJ (1970b) Ecophysiological studies on the developing eggs and embryos of the European lobster Homarus gammarus. Mar Biol 5:154–167
Pandian TJ (1994) Arthropoda-Crustacea. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG (eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 6B. Wiley, Chichester, pp 39–166
Perez OS (1990) Reproductive biology of the sandy shore crab Matina lunaris (Brachyura: Calappidae). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 59:83–89
Pihl L (1985) Food selection and consumption of mobile epibenthic fauna in shallow marine areas. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 22:169–179
Pihl L, Rosenberg R (1984). Food selection and consumption of the shrimp Crangon crangon in some shallow marine areas in western Sweden. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 15:159–168
Pillay KK, Nair NB (1971) The annual reproductive cycles of Uca annulipes, Portunus pelagicus and Metapenaeus affinis (Decapoda: Crustacea) from the south-west coast of India. Mar Biol 11:152–166
Price KS (1962) Biology of the sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa, in the shore zone of the Delaware Bay Region. Chesapeake Sci 3:244–255
Reaka ML (1979) The evolutionary ecology of life history patterns in stomatopod Crustacea. In: Stancyk WE (ed) Reproductive ecology of marine invertebrates. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia (published for the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research), pp 235–260
Redant F (1984) An indexed bibliography on the common shrimp, Crangon crangon (L.), complementary to Tiews, 1967. ICES CM 1984/K 2:1–34
Reeve MR (1969) The laboratory culture of the prawn Palaemon serratus. MAFF Fish Invest UK 26:1–36
Sastry AN (1983) Ecological aspects of reproduction. In: Vernberg FJ, Verberg WB (eds) The biology of crustacea, vol 8. Environmental adaptations. Academic, New York, pp 179–270
Sheader M (1983) The reproductive biology and ecology of Gammarus duebeni (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in southern England. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 63:517–540
Skadsheim A (1984) Coexistence and reproductive adaptations of amphipods: the role of environmental heterogeneity. Oikos 43:94–103
Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry. Freeman, New York
Spaargaren DH, Haefner PA (1998) Quantitative changes during ovarian development in the brown shrimp Crangon crangon (L. 1758) (Decapoda, Natantia). Crustaceana 71:247–257
Steele DH (1977) Correlations between egg size and developmental period. Am Nat 111:371–372
Stewart J, Kennelly SJ, Hoegh-Guldberg O (1997) Size at sexual maturity and the reproductive biology of two species of a scyllarid lobster from New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Crustaceana 70:344–367
Strathmann RR, Vedder K (1977) Size and organic content of eggs of echinoderms and other invertebrates as related to developmental strategies and egg eating. Mar Biol 39:305–309
Subramonian T (1991)Yolk utilization and esterase activity in the mole crab Emerita asiatica (Milne Edwards). In: Wenner A, Kuris A (eds) Crustacean Issues. 7. Crustacean egg production. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 19–29
Thessalou-Legaki M, Kiortsis V (1997) Estimation of the reproductive output of the burrowing shrimp Callianassa tyrrhenea: a comparison of three different biometrical approaches. Mar Biol 127:435–442
Thorson G (1946) Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates, with special reference to planktonic larvae in the Sound. Medd Komm Danm Fiskeri-og Havundersogeler ser Plankton Bind 4, Nr. 1, pp 1–523
Thorson G (1950) Reproductive and larval ecology of marine bottom invertebrates. Biol Rev 25:1–45
Tiews K (1954) Die biologischen Grundlagen der Busmer Garnelenfischerei. Ber Dtsch Komm Meeresforsch 13:235–269
Tiews K (1970) Synopsis of biological data on the common shrimp, Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758). FAO Fish Rep 4:1167–1224
Turner RL, Lawrence JM (1979) Volume and composition of echinoderm eggs: implications for the use of egg size in life history models. In: Stancyk SE (ed) Reproductive ecology of marine invertebrates. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina, pp 25–40
Vance RR (1973) On reproductive strategies in marine benthic invertebrates. Am Nat 107:339–352
Veer HW van der, Bergman JN (1987) Predation by crustaceans on a newly settled 0-group plaice Pleuronectes platessa population in the western Wadden Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35:203–215
Veer HW van der, Bergman MJN, Zijlstra JJ (1984) Predation on newly-settled 0-group plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) by crustacea in a continental tidal nursery area, the Wadden Sea. Copenhagen Denmarks ICES, pp 1–11
Wear RG (1974) Incubation in British decapod crustacea, and the effects of temperature on the rate and success of embryonic development. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 54:745–762
Wenner AM, Fusard C, Oaten A (1974) Size at onset of sexual maturity and growth rate in crustacean populations. Can J Zool 52:1095–1106
Wollebaek A (1908) Remarks on Decapod Crustaceans of the North Atlantic and Norwegian Fiords (I and II). Bergens Mus Aarb 1908 12: 1–77
Yonge CM (1955) Egg attachment in Crangon vulgaris and other Caridea. Proc R Soc EdinbB 65:369–400
Zar JH (1984) Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the financial support of the Korea Research Foundation to C.-W. Oh in the program year of 2001. Samples of the shrimp were obtained from a sampling regime examining the dynamics of sandy bays, a grant from NERC (GST/02/902) to Dr R.D.M. Nash.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by J.P. Thorpe, Port Erin
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Oh, CW., Hartnoll, R.G. Reproductive biology of the common shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae) in the central Irish Sea. Marine Biology 144, 303–316 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1205-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1205-6