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Response surface methodology approach for methyl orange dye removal using optimized Acacia mangium wood activated carbon

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Abstract

The existing approach of response surface methodology was extended to study the adsorption of methyl orange dye on optimized Acacia mangium wood-based activated carbon with a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area of 1,767 m2/g. The experiments were carried out in a batch system, and the optimal condition was determined by means of the face-centered central composite design of response surface methodology. The effect of activated carbon dose, temperature and contact time on the adsorption capacity and percentage removal of methyl orange dye molecules were optimized. The experimental results indicated that the optimal conditions for the maximum adsorption capacity were 0.515 g/L, 55.0 °C and 24 h for adsorbent dose, temperature and contact time, respectively. Under these conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity and percentage removal were found to be 181 mg/g and 90.5 %, respectively. At optimized conditions of methyl orange dye removal, studies of the kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of adsorption revealed that it followed the pseudo-second-order rate model and was spontaneously endothermic in nature.

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Abbreviations

U :

X A /X Ae, fractional attainment of equilibrium

k n :

Net rate constant (1/min)

k f :

Forward rate constant (1/min)

k b :

Backward rate constant (1/min)

X Ae and X A :

Fractional conversion of adsorbate into complex with adsorbent at equilibrium

q e and q t :

Sorption capacities at equilibrium and at any instantaneous time t (mg/g)

t :

Time (min)

k 1 :

Rate constant of the pseudo-first-order kinetics (1/min)

h :

Initial sorption rate as q t /t → 0, hence h = k 2·q 2e (mg/g/min)

k 2 :

Rate constants for pseudo-second-order adsorption reaction (g/mg/min)

C :

Boundary thickness (mg/g)

ΔG°:

Standard change in free energy (kJ/mol)

ΔH°:

Standard change in enthalpy (kJ/mol)

ΔS°:

Standard change in entropy (kJ/K/mol)

T :

Absolute temperature (K)

K c :

Distribution co-efficient for the adsorption

k d :

Intraparticle diffusion rate constant (mg/g/min1/2)

R :

Universal gas constant (8.314 J/K/mol)

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Universiti Sains Malaysia for providing research facilities and Postdoctorate Fellowship to Dr. Mohammed Danish.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioresource Research Lab., Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Mohammed Danish, Rokiah Hashim & Othman Sulaiman

  2. Division of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Mohammed Danish & M. N. Mohamad Ibrahim

Authors
  1. Mohammed Danish
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  2. Rokiah Hashim
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  3. M. N. Mohamad Ibrahim
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  4. Othman Sulaiman
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Correspondence to Mohammed Danish.

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Danish, M., Hashim, R., Mohamad Ibrahim, M.N. et al. Response surface methodology approach for methyl orange dye removal using optimized Acacia mangium wood activated carbon. Wood Sci Technol 48, 1085–1105 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-014-0659-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-014-0659-7

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