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Development of sensitive direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for monitoring bisphenol-A in canned foods and beverages

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Abstract

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are investigated in this work for the detection of bisphenol-A (BPA), a plastic monomer and a critical contaminant in food and environment. A series of polyclonal antibodies generated in vivo using BPA-butyrate-protein conjugate and BPA-valerate-protein conjugate were evaluated on direct and indirect competitive assay formats with five competing haptens (BPA-butyrate, BPA-valerate, BPA-crotonate, BPA-acetate, and BPA-2-valerate). Two indirect ELISAs and one direct ELISA exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity for BPA were developed. The 50 % inhibition of antibody binding (IC50) values were 0.78 ± 0.01–1.20 ± 0.26 μg L−1, and the limits of detection as measured by the IC20 values were 0.10 ± 0.03–0.20 ± 0.04 μg L−1. The assays were highly specific to BPA, only displaying low cross-reactivity (3–8 % for the indirect assays and 26 % for the direct assay) for 4-cumylphenol (4-CP), at pH 7.2. The degree of cross-reaction of 4-CP was influenced by the antibody/hapten conjugate combination, assay conditions, and the assay format. The assays were optimized for the analysis of BPA in canned vegetables, bottled water and carbonated drinks. The limits of quantification for these three evaluated sample types, based on the spike and recovery data, were 0.5, 2.5, and 100 μg L−1, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their thanks to the CSIRO Flagship Collaboration Fund research cluster program for financial support. Yang Lu is grateful for the CSIRO Flagship Scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Yang Lu & Nanju Alice Lee

  2. School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Joshua Richard Peterson & John Justin Gooding

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  1. Yang Lu
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  2. Joshua Richard Peterson
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  4. Nanju Alice Lee
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Correspondence to Nanju Alice Lee.

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Lu, Y., Peterson, J.R., Gooding, J.J. et al. Development of sensitive direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for monitoring bisphenol-A in canned foods and beverages. Anal Bioanal Chem 403, 1607–1618 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5969-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5969-8

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