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Folter

Internationale Normen, Institutionen, Formen und Verletzungsbefunde

Torture

International rules, institutions, forms and injuries

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Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden, aufbauend auf der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte von 1948, international Normen gegen jede Art von Misshandlung und Folter verabschiedet. Neben der UN-Antifolterkonvention von 1987, die den Begriff Folter definiert, haben auch muslimische Nationen eine Erklärung zu den Menschenrechten verabschiedet („Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam“ aus 2000). Im Jahr 1999 wurde das „Istanbul-Protokoll“ dem United-Nations(UN)-Ausschuss für Menschenrechte vorgelegt; das Protokoll enthält Vorgaben zur körperlichen Untersuchung von Folteropfern. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Folterarten und Verletzungsbefunde beschrieben; zusätzlich wird auf die Rolle von Ärzten bei Folterungen eingegangen.

Abstract

During the past decades international rules against every form of torture have been established based on the United Nations (UN) “Declaration of Human Rights” from 1948. Torture is defined in the “Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: United Nations Convention against Torture” from 1987. Muslim nations also consented to the “Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam” from 2000. In 1999 a manual that came known as the “Istanbul protocol” was submitted to the UN High Commission for Human Rights and contains details on how to perform a thorough physical examination of torture victims taking all body regions into account. Different types of torture are described as well as injuries due to torture and additionally the participation of physicians involved in abuse and torture is dealt with.

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  1. Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Frankfurter Str. 58, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    R. Dettmeyer

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  1. R. Dettmeyer
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Correspondence to R. Dettmeyer.

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Teilweise wird im vorliegenden Beitrag mangels vorliegender Übersetzung der englische Originaltext präsentiert, an einigen Stellen das in der Literatur verwendete englische Vokabular.

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Dettmeyer, R. Folter. Rechtsmedizin 23, 157–164 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00194-013-0884-7

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