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Pharmakogenetik in der Rechtsmedizin

Pharmacogenetics in legal medicine

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Zusammenfassung

Die Pharmakogenetik beschäftigt sich mit den genetisch bedingten Unterschieden bei der Arzneimittel-, Drogen oder Giftwirkung und ist somit auch für die rechtsmedizinische Begutachtung von Bedeutung. Die häufigsten Sequenzvariationen in der Desoxyribonukleinsäure („deoxyribonucleic acid“, DNA) sind die „single nucleotide polymorphisms“ (SNP). Neben den metabolisierenden Enzymen, z. B. Zytochrom-P450- (CYP-)Isoenzyme, können Transportproteine oder auch Rezeptorproteine betroffen sein. Führen sie tatsächlich zu Änderungen in der Funktionalität der Proteine, kann es zu deutlichen interindividuellen Unterschieden in der Pharmakokinetik und Pharmakodynamik kommen. Aber auch Faktoren wie Komedikation, Alter, Geschlecht, Hormon- und Ernährungsstatus sowie Umweltfaktoren und Komorbidität sind von großer Bedeutung. Dies wird hauptsächlich durch Induktion oder Inhibition der Aktivität der Funktionsproteine bewirkt. Diese Interaktionen sind bei der Begutachtung ebenfalls zu berücksichtigen.

Abstract

Pharmacogenetics deals with the differences in the effects of medicaments, drugs of abuse or poisons caused by genetic differences. It is also of importance for furnishing expert reports in legal medicine. The most common variations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Metabolizing enzymes, e.g. cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes, as well as transport proteins and receptor proteins can also be affected. Significant interindividual differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can occur when the functionality of proteins is altered. However, factors such as comedication, age, sex, hormonal and nutritional status, as well as environmental factors and comorbidity are also of importance. This is mainly caused by induction or inhibition of functional proteins. These interactions must also be considered in the furnishing of expert reports.

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  1. Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190/52, 8057, Zürich, Schweiz

    T. Krämer

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  1. T. Krämer
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Krämer, T. Pharmakogenetik in der Rechtsmedizin. Rechtsmedizin 21, 233–244 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00194-011-0746-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00194-011-0746-0

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